Author: indiafreenotes

Bangalore University B.com Notes

H1 Human Resources Development Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

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Unit 1 [Book]
Introduction Meaning and Definition of HRD, Need for HRD, Multiple Goals of HRD VIEW
HRD Department and its Task VIEW
HRD for Organizational Effectiveness VIEW
HRD in the Indian Context VIEW
HRD Mechanisms VIEW
Employee Empowerment VIEW
HRD as a Motivational Factor VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Frame work of Human Resource Development VIEW
HRD Processes VIEW
Assessing HRD Needs VIEW
HRD Model VIEW
Designing Effective HRD Program VIEW
HRD Interventions VIEW
Creating HRD Programs VIEW
Implementing HRD programs VIEW
Training Methods: Self-Paced /Computer Based/ Company Sponsored Training, On-the-Job and Off-the-Job, Brain Storming, Case Studies, Role Plays, Simulations T-Groups, Transactional Analysis. VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Introduction, HR Performance and Bench Marking VIEW
Impact of Globalization on HRD VIEW
Diversity of Work Force VIEW
Work Force Reduction, Realignment and Retention VIEW
HRD Programs for Diverse Employees VIEW
Expatriate & Repatriate Support and Development VIEW
Realistic Job Review VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Introduction, Evaluating HRD Programs VIEW
Models and Frame Work of HRD Evaluation VIEW
Assessing the Impact of HRD Programs VIEW
Human Resource Development Applications VIEW
Fundamental Concepts of Socialization VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]
Introduction, Employee Counselling and Wellness Services VIEW
Counselling as an HRD Activity VIEW
Employee Counselling Programs VIEW
Issues in Employee Counselling VIEW
Employee Wellness and Health Promotion Programs VIEW
Organizational Strategies Based on Human Resources VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

M1 Retail Management Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 [Book]
Retailing Meaning and Definition Characteristics, Types, Merits and Demerits VIEW
Forms of Retailing based on ownership VIEW
Retail Theories VIEW
Wheel of Retailing VIEW
Retail Life cycle VIEW
Retail Business in India, Influencing factor VIEW
Present Indian Retail scenario VIEW
International Perspective in Retail Business VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Buying Decision Process and its Implication on Retailing VIEW
Influence of Group and Individual Factors on Retailing VIEW
Customer Shopping Behaviour in Retailing VIEW
Customer Service VIEW
Customer Satisfaction VIEW
Retail Planning Process VIEW
Factors to Consider in Preparing a Retail Business Plan, Implementation, Risk Analysis VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Factors Influencing location of Store VIEW
Market Area Analysis, Trade Area Analysis, Rating Plan method, Site Evaluation VIEW
Retail Operations VIEW
Stores Layout VIEW
Visual Merchandising VIEW
Stores Designing VIEW
Space Planning VIEW
Inventory Management VIEW
Merchandise Management VIEW VIEW
Category Management VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Retail Product VIEW
Decisions Related to Selection of Goods (Merchandise Management Revisited) VIEW
Decisions Related to Delivery of Service VIEW
Retail Pricing, Influencing Factors, Approaches to Pricing VIEW
Price Sensitivity VIEW
Value Pricing VIEW
Markdown Pricing VIEW
Retail Place VIEW
Retail Supply Channel VIEW
SCM Principles VIEW
Retail Logistics VIEW
Computerized Replenishment System VIEW
Corporate Replenishment Policies VIEW
Retail Promotion, Setting objectives, Communication Effects VIEW
Promotional Mix. VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]
Non-Store Retailing (E-Retailing) VIEW
The Impact of Information Technology in Retailing VIEW
Integrated Systems and Networking VIEW
EDI VIEW
Bar Coding VIEW
Electronic Article Surveillance and VIEW
Electronic Shelf Labels VIEW
Customer Database Management System in Retailing VIEW
Legal Aspects in Retailing VIEW
Social Issues in Retailing VIEW
Ethical Issues in Retailing VIEW
Artificial Intelligence in Retailing VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

F1 Financial Institutions and Markets Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 [Book]
Introduction, Meaning of Financial System, Financial Concepts VIEW
Constituents of Financial System VIEW
Structure of Financial System VIEW
Role of Financial System VIEW
Functions of Financial System VIEW
Development of Financial System in India VIEW
Financial Sector Reforms VIEW VIEW
Financial System and Economic Development VIEW
Weakness of Indian Financial System VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Meaning, Structure, Importance, Functions of Capital Market VIEW
Players, Instruments, Components of Capital Market VIEW
Recent trends in Capital Market VIEW
Money Market Meaning, Structure, Importance VIEW
Functions of Money Market VIEW
Instrument of Money Market VIEW
Recent trends in Money Market VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Meaning, Features, Players of Primary Market, Instruments in Primary Market VIEW
Merits and Demerits of Primary Markets VIEW
Methods of Floating New issues:
Public issue (IPO) VIEW
Offer for Sale VIEW
Right Issue VIEW VIEW
Private placement VIEW
Problems of Indian Primary Markets VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Secondary Market Meaning, Structure, Functions, Players in Stock Market VIEW
Merits and Demerits of Stock Markets VIEW
Methods in Stock Markets VIEW
Recognition of Stock Exchanges VIEW
Function of Stock Exchanges of BSE, NSE, OTCI VIEW
Listing of Securities VIEW
Trading and Settlement Procedure in the Stock Market VIEW
Problems of Indian Stock Market VIEW
SEBI Objectives, Functions, SEBI Role VIEW
Reforms in Secondary Market VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]
Introduction, Meaning, Role, Importance, Types of NBFCs VIEW
Insurance Companies VIEW
Loan Companies VIEW
Investment Companies VIEW
Leasing & Hire Purchase VIEW
Housing Finance VIEW
Chit Funds VIEW
Mutual funds VIEW VIEW
Venture Capital Funds VIEW
Factors & Forfeiting VIEW
Credit Rating VIEW VIEW
Depository and Custodial Services VIEW
Forex Market Concept, Meaning, Importance, Merits, Demerits of Forex market VIEW
Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange rates, Causes and Effects VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

A1 Indian Accounting Standards-I Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

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Unit 1 [Book]  
Introduction, Meaning and Definition of Accounting Standards VIEW
Objectives of Accounting Standards VIEW
Benefits and Limitations of Accounting Standards VIEW
Process of Formulation of Accounting Standards in India VIEW
List of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) VIEW
Need for Convergence Towards Global Standards VIEW
International Financial Reporting Standards of IFRS VIEW
Features and Merits and Demerits of IFRS VIEW
Benefits of Convergence with IFRS VIEW
Applicability of Ind AS in India VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]  
Property, Plant and Equipment (Ind AS-16) VIEW
Intangible assets (Ind AS-38) VIEW
Impairment of assets (Ind AS-36) VIEW
Inventories (Ind AS 2) VIEW
Borrowing costs (Ind AS- 23) VIEW
Investment Property (Ind AS-40) objectives, Scope, definitions Recognition, Measurement and disclosures of the above-mentioned Standards VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]  
Provisions, Contingent liabilities & Contingent Assets (Ind AS 37) Scope, provision, Liability, Obligating event, Legal obligation, constructive obligation, Contingent liability, Contingent Assets VIEW
Relationship between Provisions and Contingent liability VIEW
Disclosure of Information in the Financial Statements VIEW
Employee Benefits (Ind AS 19), Scope, Employee Benefits, Post-employment benefits, Other long term employee benefits, Termination benefits VIEW
Short-term employee benefits u/s Ind AS 19 VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Ind AS 115), Scope VIEW
Definitions: Contract, Customer, Income, Revenue, Contract Asset VIEW
Contract Liability VIEW
Performance obligation, Transaction Price VIEW
Overview of Five Step Model, Problems VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]  
Framework for preparation of Financial Statements VIEW
Objectives of Financial Statements VIEW
Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements VIEW
Users of Financial Statement VIEW
Pillars of Financial Statements VIEW
Presentation of Financial Statement as per Ind AS 1 VIEW
Statement of Profit and Loss, Balance Sheet VIEW
Problems on preparation of Statement of Profit and Loss VIEW
Balance sheet & Other Comprehensive Income Statement as per Ind-As1 VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

Principles and Practice of Auditing Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 [Book]
Introduction Meaning and Definition Objectives, Types of Audit, Merits and Demerits of Auditing, Relationship of Audit with other Disciplines VIEW
Preparations before Commencement of new Audit VIEW
Working Papers VIEW
Audit Note Book VIEW
Audit Programme VIEW
Qualities of an Auditor VIEW VIEW
Audit Planning VIEW
Audit Strategy VIEW
Audit Engagement VIEW
Audit Documentation VIEW
Audit Evidence, Written Representation VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Introduction, Audit risk, Assessment of Risk VIEW
Internal Control Meaning and Objectives VIEW
Internal Check Meaning, Objectives and Fundamental Principles VIEW
Internal check with regards to VIEW
Wage payment VIEW
Cash Sales VIEW
Cash Purchases VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Meaning and Objectives of Verification and Valuation VIEW
Position of an Auditor as regards the Valuation of assets VIEW
VIEW
Verification and Valuation of different items of Land and Building VIEW
Verification and Valuation of different items of Plant and Machinery VIEW
Verification and Valuation of different items of Investments VIEW
Verification and Valuation of different items of Stock in Trade VIEW
Liabilities and Bills payable VIEW
Sundry Creditors VIEW
Contingent Liabilities VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Company Auditor: Qualification, Powers, Duties and Liabilities VIEW
Company Auditor Appointment VIEW
Professional ethics of an auditor VIEW
Audit Procedure of NGOs VIEW
Audit Procedure of Charitable institutions VIEW
Educational institutions VIEW
Audit Procedure of Government VIEW
Audit Procedure of Local Bodies VIEW
Audit Procedure of Cooperative societies VIEW
Audit Procedure of Hotels VIEW
Audit Procedure of Hospitals VIEW
Audit Procedure of Clubs VIEW
Audit Procedure of Banks VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]
Introduction, Meaning, Elements of Audit Report, Types of Audit Report VIEW
Independent Auditors Report and their illustration VIEW
Professional Ethics VIEW
VIEW
Code of Ethics VIEW
Professional Accountants in Public practices and Business VIEW
Fundamental Principles of Professional Ethics VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

Income Tax Law and Practice-I Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 [Book]
Introduction Meaning of Tax, Types of Taxes VIEW
Cannons of taxation VIEW
Brief history of Indian Income Tax VIEW
Legal Framework of Taxation VIEW
Important Definitions:
Assessment, Assessment year, Assesses, Person, Income, Casual income, Agricultural income VIEW
Previous year including exceptions VIEW
Gross total income, Total income VIEW
Scheme of Taxation VIEW
Exempted incomes of individuals under section 10 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 VIEW
Slab rate Under Old tax and New tax regime 115BAC VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Introduction Residential status of an individual, Determination of residential status of an individual VIEW
Incidence of Tax VIEW
Factor affecting Incidence of Tax VIEW
Scope of Total income VIEW
Problems on computation of Gross total Income of an individual. VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Introduction, Meaning of Salary, Basis of charge, Definitions Salary VIEW
Perquisites and profits in lieu of salary VIEW
Provident Fund VIEW
Transferred balance VIEW
Retirement Benefits Gratuity, VIEW
Pension and Leave salary VIEW
Deductions u/s 16 VIEW
Problems on Computation of Income from Salary VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Income from House Property Introduction VIEW
Basis for charge VIEW
Deemed owners VIEW
House property: Incomes exempt from tax VIEW
House property Incomes exempt from tax VIEW
Composite rent and Unrealized rent VIEW
Annual Value, Determination of Annual Value VIEW
Deductions u/s 24 from Annual Value VIEW
Problems on Computation of Income from House Property VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]
Introduction TDS Section 192 VIEW
Advance Tax, Meaning of advance tax VIEW
Computation of Advance tax VIEW
Installment of Advance tax and Due dates VIEW
Deductions under Sections 80C, 80CCC, 80CCD, 80CCG, 80D, 80DD, 80DDB, 80E, 80G, 80GG, 80TTA and 80U as applicable to Individuals. VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

Financial Management Bangalore University B.Com 5th Semester NEP Notes

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 Introduction Financial Management
Meaning of Finance VIEW
Business Finance VIEW
Finance Function, Objectives of Finance Function VIEW
Organization of Finance function VIEW
Financial Management VIEW
Goals of Financial Management VIEW
Scope of Financial Management VIEW
Functions of Financial Management VIEW
Financial Decisions VIEW
Role of a Financial Manager VIEW
Financial Planning VIEW
Steps in Financial Planning VIEW
Principles of Sound/Good Financial Planning VIEW
Factors influencing a sound financial plan VIEW
Financial analyst, Role of Financial analyst VIEW
Unit 2 Time Value of Money
Introduction, Meaning of Time Value of Money VIEW
Time Preference of Money VIEW
Techniques of Time Value of Money VIEW
Compounding Technique-Future value of Single flow, Multiple flow and Annuity VIEW
Discounting Technique-Present value of Single flow, Multiple flow and Annuity VIEW
Doubling Period- Rule 69 and 72 VIEW
Unit 3 Financing Decision
Capital Structure Meaning, Introduction VIEW
Factors determining Capital Structure VIEW
Optimum Capital Structure VIEW
Computation & Analysis of EBIT, EBT, EPS VIEW
Leverages VIEW
Types of Leverages:
Operating Leverage VIEW
Financial Leverage VIEW
Combined Leverages VIEW
Unit 4 Investment & Dividend Decision
Investment Decision, Introduction, Meaning VIEW
Capital Budgeting Features, Significance, Process VIEW
Steps in Capital Budgeting Process VIEW
Capital Budgeting Techniques: VIEW
Payback Period VIEW
Accounting Rate of Return VIEW
Net Present Value VIEW
Internal Rate of Return VIEW
Profitability index VIEW
Unit 5 Working Capital Management
Introduction, Meaning and Definition, Types of working capital VIEW
Operating cycle VIEW
Determinants of Working Capital VIEW
Estimation of Working capital requirements VIEW
Sources of Working Capital VIEW
Cash Management VIEW
Receivable Management VIEW
Inventory Management VIEW
Inventory Management Functions and Importance VIEW
*Significance of Adequate Working Capital VIEW
*Evils of Excess or Inadequate Working Capital VIEW
Management Notes

Computation of Advance tax

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Advance tax is a system of staggered payment of income tax by taxpayers on their estimated income during the financial year. It is also known as “pay-as-you-earn” tax.

Advance tax computation is a critical aspect of income tax planning and compliance. Timely and accurate calculation and payment of advance tax help taxpayers avoid penalties and interest charges. It’s important to stay updated with the latest tax laws and consult with tax professionals when needed for proper guidance on advance tax computation and payment.

Estimate Total Income:

  • Sources of Income: Identify all sources of income, including salary, business income, capital gains, rental income, and other earnings.
  • Deductions and Exemptions: Consider eligible deductions under various sections of the Income Tax Act to arrive at the net taxable income.

Calculate Tax Liability:

  • Tax Slabs: Apply the applicable tax slabs to the estimated taxable income.
  • Surcharge and Cess: Include surcharge and health and education cess, if applicable.

Compute Advance Tax Liability:

  • Divide the estimated tax liability for the financial year into four installments as per the prescribed due dates.

Due Dates for Advance Tax Payments (For Non-Corporate Taxpayers):

  • 15th June: 15% of the estimated tax liability.
  • 15th September: 45% of the estimated tax liability.
  • 15th December: 75% of the estimated tax liability.
  • 15th March: 100% of the estimated tax liability.

For Corporate Taxpayers:

  • Corporates generally need to pay advance tax in four installments: 15%, 45%, 75%, and 100% of the estimated tax liability by specific due dates.

Payment Modes:

  • Online Payment: Use online modes like net banking to deposit the advance tax.
  • Challan 280: Physically deposit the tax using Form 280 at designated bank branches.

Self-Assessment Tax:

  • If there are any variations in income or deductions during the financial year, pay any additional tax as self-assessment tax.

Interest on Late Payment:

  • Non-compliance with advance tax payment timelines may attract interest under Section 234B and Section 234C.

Filing Advance Tax Challan:

  • Challan 280 is used for the payment of advance tax. Fill in the required details, such as PAN, assessment year, type of payment, and bank details.

Form 26AS Verification:

  • Regularly check Form 26AS to verify the advance tax payments credited against your PAN. It reflects TDS, TCS, and advance tax payments.

Revised Estimates:

  • If there are significant changes in income, revise the estimates and adjust subsequent advance tax payments accordingly.

Consult Professionals:

  • For complex income scenarios or changes, seek advice from tax professionals to ensure accurate computation and compliance.
Management Notes

Installment of Advance tax and due dates

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Advance tax payments are made by taxpayers on their estimated income for the financial year before the end of the fiscal year. The due dates for advance tax installments are specified by the Income Tax Department.

Complying with the due dates for advance tax payments is essential to avoid interest and penalties. Taxpayers should regularly assess their income, estimate the tax liability, and make timely payments to ensure smooth financial planning and adherence to tax regulations. It’s advisable to seek professional advice for accurate computation and payment of advance tax, especially in complex income scenarios.

For Individuals (Non-Corporate Taxpayers):

  1. First Installment (On or before June 15):
    • 15% of the estimated tax liability for the financial year.
  2. Second Installment (On or before September 15):
    • 45% of the estimated tax liability.
  3. Third Installment (On or before December 15):
    • 75% of the estimated tax liability.
  4. Fourth Installment (On or before March 15):
    • 100% of the estimated tax liability.

For Corporate Taxpayers:

  1. First Installment (On or before June 15):
    • 15% of the estimated tax liability for the financial year.
  2. Second Installment (On or before September 15):
    • 45% of the estimated tax liability.
  3. Third Installment (On or before December 15):
    • 75% of the estimated tax liability.
  4. Fourth Installment (On or before March 15):
    • 100% of the estimated tax liability.

Important Points to Note:

  • If the assessed tax liability is less than ₹10,000, no advance tax is required to be paid.
  • Senior citizens (aged 60 years or more and not having income from business or profession) who do not have income from business or profession are exempt from paying advance tax.
  • Taxpayers opting for the presumptive taxation scheme under Section 44AD are not required to pay advance tax in installments. They can pay the entire tax liability by March 15.
  • Any shortfall in payment or non-payment of advance tax may attract interest under Sections 234B and 234C.

How to Pay Advance Tax:

  1. Online Payment:

    • Taxpayers can pay advance tax online through the official website of the Income Tax Department using the e-payment facility.

  2. Challan 280:

    • Physical payment can be made by depositing the tax using Form 280 at designated bank branches. The challan should be filled with relevant details like PAN, assessment year, type of payment, and bank details.
Management Notes

Introduction TDS Section 192

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Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) under Section 192 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, is a provision that mandates employers to deduct tax at the source from the salary income of employees. This section specifically deals with the TDS on income from salaries. The primary objective is to ensure the timely deduction and payment of income tax by individuals who earn salaries.

Section 192 plays a vital role in ensuring the systematic deduction and payment of income tax on salary income. Employers are entrusted with the responsibility of deducting TDS accurately and depositing it with the government. On the other hand, employees benefit from the convenience of having tax deducted at the source, making compliance with tax regulations more efficient. Understanding the provisions of Section 192 is crucial for both employers and employees to ensure proper adherence to tax laws and regulations.

Points under Section 192:

  • Applicability:

Section 192 applies to employers who are responsible for paying salaries or pensions to employees or pensioners.

  • Tax Deduction Responsibility:

Employers are obligated to deduct TDS from the salary payments made to employees based on the applicable income tax slabs.

  • Calculation of TDS:

TDS under Section 192 is calculated based on the individual’s estimated total income for the financial year and the applicable income tax slabs.

  • Filing of TDS Returns:

Employers are required to file TDS returns, providing details of the TDS deducted and deposited on behalf of employees. This is done through Form 24Q.

  • Frequency of TDS Deduction:

TDS is deducted at the time of making each salary payment. This may be on a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the employer’s policies.

  • Exemptions and Deductions:

The employer considers exemptions, deductions, and declarations submitted by employees (like HRA exemption, standard deduction, investments, etc.) while calculating TDS.

  • Form 16:

Employers issue Form 16 to employees, summarizing details of salary income, TDS deducted, and other exemptions. It serves as a proof of TDS for the employee.

  • Quarterly TDS Statements:

Employers are required to file quarterly TDS statements in Form 24Q, providing a comprehensive summary of TDS deductions during the quarter.

  • Adjustments at the Time of Filing Income Tax Returns:

Employees can claim adjustments and refunds at the time of filing their income tax returns based on the TDS details reflected in Form 26AS.

  • Penalties for Non-Compliance:

Employers failing to deduct TDS or depositing it late can face penalties. Late filing of TDS returns also attracts penalties.

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