English Osmania University BCOM 3rd Semester 2025-26 Notes

Unit 1
POETRY: On His Blindness by John Milton VIEW
PROSE: The Oldest of Animals (from The Jatakas) VIEW
GRAMMAR: Degrees of Comparison VIEW
VOCABULARY: Blend Words VIEW
SPEAKING: Greeting, Taking Leave, and Introducing Yourself VIEW
WRITING: Punctuation VIEW
CRITICAL READING: Standard-Setting and Accreditation for School Education VIEW
Time Management VIEW
Unit 2
POETRY To My Excellent Lucasia, on Our Friendship by Katherine Philips VIEW
PROSE: Allegory of the Caveby Plato VIEW
GRAMMAR Reported Speech VIEW
VOCABULARY Collocations VIEW
SPEAKING: Asking for and Giving Information VIEW
WRITING: Book and Film Review VIEW
CRITICAL READING: Framing a Shot VIEW
SKILLS: Problem-Solving VIEW
Unit 3
POETRY Autumn by John Clare VIEW
PROSE: The Iroquois Creation Story by David Cusick VIEW
GRAMMAR: Connectives and Linkers VIEW
VOCABULARY: Idiomatic Expressions VIEW
SPEAKING: Expressing Likes and Dislikes VIEW
WRITING: Digital Media VIEW
CRITICAL READING: Tourist Attractions VIEW
SKILLS: Conflict Resolution VIEW
Unit 4
POETRY: The Other Side of a Mirror by Mary Elizabeth Coleridge VIEW
PROSE: Man-Eating Tigers by Jim Corbett VIEW
GRAMMAR: Relative Pronouns VIEW
VOCABULARY: Figures of Speech I: Simile, Metaphor, Metonymy, Personification VIEW
SPEAKING: Expressing Agreement and Disagreement VIEW
WRITING: Advertising and Promotional Material VIEW
CRITICAL READING: The Banking System and Financial Stability VIEW
SKILLS: Stress Management VIEW
Unit 5
POETRY Passage to India (Section 2) by Walt Whitman VIEW
PROSE Professions for Women by Virginia Woolf VIEW
GRAMMAR Voice VIEW
VOCABULARY Figures of Speech II: Oxymoron, Irony, Pun, Alliteration VIEW
SPEAKING Describing People, Places and Events VIEW
WRITING Report VIEW
CRITICAL READING Football Tactics VIEW
SKILLS Presentation Skills VIEW

 

American and British Spellings

American and British spellings are two common forms of English used in different parts of the world. British English developed in the United Kingdom, while American English developed in the United States. Both forms have the same basic meaning, but some words are spelled differently. Understanding these differences helps students write correctly according to the required style.

  • Definition

American and British spellings are variations of English spelling where the same word is written differently in American English and British English.

Example

British: Colour

American: Color

Common Differences Between American and British Spellings:

1. Words Ending in -our and -or

British English often uses -our, while American English uses -or.

British American
Colour Color
Honour Honor
Labour Labor
Favourite Favorite
Behaviour Behavior

2. Words Ending in -re and -er

British English often uses -re, while American English uses -er.

British American
Centre Center
Theatre Theater
Metre Meter
Fibre Fiber

3. Words Ending in -ise and -ize

British English commonly uses -ise, while American English uses -ize.

British American
Organise Organize
Realise Realize
Recognise Recognize
Apologise Apologize

4. Words Ending in -ce and -se

Some words have different endings.

British American
Defence Defense
Licence License
Practice Practice
Pretence Pretense

5. Double Letter Differences

American English often removes one letter.

British American
Traveller Traveler
Jewellery Jewelry
Programme Program
Modelling Modeling

6. Words Ending in -ll and -l

American spelling often uses a single l.

British American
Cancelled Canceled
Labelled Labeled
Fuelled Fueled

More Examples

British English American English
Aeroplane Airplane
Aluminium Aluminum
Cheque Check
Catalogue Catalog
Dialogue Dialog
Grey Gray
Mum Mom
Tyre Tire
Plough Plow
Programme Program

Importance of Learning Spellings:

1. Improves Writing Accuracy

Knowing spelling differences helps students avoid mistakes.

2. Helps in International Communication

English is used worldwide, so understanding variations improves communication.

3. Useful for Exams

Students can follow the spelling style expected in their academic system.

4. Improves Reading Skills

It helps understand books, articles, and online content from different countries.

Difference Between American and British English

British English American English
Used mainly in UK Used mainly in USA
Colour Color
Centre Center
Favourite Favorite
Theatre Theater

Fill in the Blanks:

  1. British: Colour → American: ______
  2. British: Centre → American: ______
  3. British: Favourite → American: ______
  4. British: Theatre → American: ______
  5. British: Labour → American: ______

Answers

  1. Color
  2. Center
  3. Favorite
  4. Theater
  5. Labor

English Osmania University BCOM 2nd Semester 2025-26 Notes

Unit 1 [Book]
Poetry: Where the Mind is Without Fear – Rabindranath Tagore VIEW
Prose: The Overcoat – Gogol VIEW
Grammar: Concord VIEW
Vocabulary: Homonyms VIEW
Spelling: Silent Letters VIEW
Pronunciation: Phonetic Transcription VIEW
LSRW: Sequencing a Story VIEW
Writing: Formal and Informal Writing VIEW
Skills:
Motivation VIEW
Discipline VIEW
Unit 2 [Book]
Poetry: The Highwayman – Alfred Noyes VIEW
Prose: The Blue Light – Vaikom Muhammad Basheer VIEW
Grammar: Adjectives VIEW
Vocabulary: Homophones VIEW
Spelling: Doubling Consonants VIEW
Pronunciation: Minimal Pairs VIEW
LSRW: Tongue Twisters VIEW
Writing:
Diary Writing VIEW
Journal Writing VIEW
Skills: Interpersonal Skills VIEW
Unit 3 [Book]
Poetry: Mending Wall – Robert Frost VIEW
Prose: How It Feels to Be Colored Me – Zora Neale Hurston VIEW
Grammar: Determiners VIEW
Vocabulary: Homographs VIEW
Spelling: Spelling and Plurals VIEW
Pronunciation: Word Stress VIEW
LSRW: Odd One Out VIEW
Writing: Essay Writing VIEW
Skills: Teamwork and Collaboration VIEW
Unit 4 [Book]
Poetry: Praise Song for My Mother – Grace Nichols VIEW
Prose: Swan Song – Anton Chekhov VIEW
Grammar: Adverbs VIEW
Vocabulary: Heteronyms VIEW
Spelling: American and British Spellings VIEW
Pronunciation: Sentence Stress VIEW
LSRW: Just a Minute VIEW
Writing: Types of Essays VIEW
Skills: Emotional Intelligence VIEW

English Osmania University BCOM 1st Semester 2025-26 Notes

Unit 1
Sonnet 30: William Shakespeare VIEW
The Apology of Socrates: Plato VIEW
Word Roots VIEW
English Spelling I VIEW
Consonant Sounds I VIEW
Skimming VIEW
Guided Writing VIEW
Communication Skills VIEW
Unit 2
The Solitary Reaper: William Wordsworth VIEW
The Old Tiger and the Traveler: from the Hitopadesa VIEW
Pronouns VIEW
Affixes VIEW
Spelling for Formal Contexts VIEW
Consonant Sounds II VIEW
Scanning VIEW
Information Transfer VIEW
Verbal Skills VIEW
Unit 3
Frost at Midnight: Samuel Taylor Coleridge VIEW
Mr Sherlock Holmes: Arthur Conan Doyle VIEW
Verbs VIEW
Synonyms VIEW
English Spelling II VIEW
Vowels: Monophthongs VIEW
Intensive Reading VIEW
Note-Taking and Note-Making VIEW
Non-Verbal Skills VIEW
Unit 4
I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed: Emily Dickinson VIEW
To Build a Fire: Jack London VIEW
Tenses VIEW
Antonyms VIEW
Spelling VIEW
Verb Forms VIEW
Vowels: Diphthongs VIEW
Extensive Reading VIEW
Paragraph Writing VIEW
Confidence and Self-Presentation VIEW

English 1st Semester Osmania University BBA 2025-26 Notes

Unit 1
Sonnet 30: William Shakespeare VIEW
The Apology of Socrates: Plato VIEW
Word Roots VIEW
English Spelling I VIEW
Consonant Sounds I VIEW
Skimming VIEW
Guided Writing VIEW
Communication Skills VIEW
Unit 2
The Solitary Reaper: William Wordsworth VIEW
The Old Tiger and the Traveler: from the Hitopadesa VIEW
Pronouns VIEW
Affixes VIEW
Spelling for Formal Contexts VIEW
Consonant Sounds II VIEW
Scanning VIEW
Information Transfer VIEW
Verbal Skills VIEW
Unit 3
Frost at Midnight: Samuel Taylor Coleridge VIEW
Mr Sherlock Holmes: Arthur Conan Doyle VIEW
Verbs VIEW
Synonyms VIEW
English Spelling II VIEW
Vowels: Monophthongs VIEW
Intensive Reading VIEW
Note-Taking and Note-Making VIEW
Non-Verbal Skills VIEW
Unit 4
I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed: Emily Dickinson VIEW
To Build a Fire: Jack London VIEW
Tenses VIEW
Antonyms VIEW
Spelling VIEW
Verb Forms VIEW
Vowels: Diphthongs VIEW
Extensive Reading VIEW
Paragraph Writing VIEW
Confidence and Self-Presentation VIEW
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