Consumer Redressal Agencies: District Forum, State Commission and National Commission

Consumer Redressal Agencies, established under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, in India, are specialized forums designed to address and resolve consumer grievances and disputes. These …

Definitions of the Terms Consumer, Consumer Dispute, Defect, Deficiency, Unfair Trade Practices, and Services

The terms “Consumer,” “Consumer Dispute,” “Defect,” “Deficiency,” “Unfair Trade Practices,” and “Services” are key concepts in consumer protection laws, which vary by jurisdiction but share …

Rights of Consumer under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, in India, significantly enhances consumer rights and provides a robust mechanism for the redressal of consumer complaints. It replaces the …

Bills of Exchange Meaning, Characteristics, Types, Uses

Bill of exchange is a written, unconditional order by one party (the drawer) to another (the drawee) to pay a specified sum of money to …

Cheques Meaning, Characteristics, and Types, Uses

Cheque is a written instrument that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from an individual’s or entity’s account to the person …

Dishonour of Negotiable Instruments, Notice of dishonour, Noting and Protesting

Dishonour of Negotiable instruments occurs when the party required to pay (the drawee, in the case of cheques, or the acceptor, in the case of …

Introduction, Meaning and Definition, Characteristics, Kinds of Negotiable Instruments

Negotiable instruments represent a unique category of documents that facilitate the commercial and financial transactions by allowing the transfer of money in a manner that …

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 Introduction, Definition of Contract of Sale, Essentials of Contract of Sale, Conditions and Warranties

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, is a significant piece of commercial legislation in India that governs the contract of sale of goods. It came …

Transfer of Ownership in Goods including Sale by a Non-owner and exceptions

The transfer of ownership of goods is a fundamental aspect of contracts of sale, governed by the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, in India. The …

Unpaid Seller, Rights of an Unpaid seller against the Goods and against the Buyer

An unpaid seller, as defined in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, refers to a seller who has not received the whole of the price, …

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