Bangalore North University B.Com Notes – Page 3

International Business Environment Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202512/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
International Business, Meaning and Definitions	VIEW
International Business Environment, Meaning, Definitions, Importance and Features	VIEW
Micro and Macro Environment Approaches to International Business	VIEW
Stages of Internationalization	VIEW
Modes of Entry into International Business	VIEW
Ripple Effects of Globalization	VIEW
Multinational Corporations	VIEW
Advantages of Host and Home Countries of Multinational Corporations	VIEW
Criticisms of MNC’s	VIEW
Indian’s Presence in Global Business	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Political Environment in International Business, Introduction and Meaning	VIEW
Political Risk, Concepts, Meaning, Features, Sources, Types and Causes	VIEW
Remedial Measures to be undertaken by MNC to tackle Political Risk	VIEW
Legal Environment	VIEW
Systems of Law	VIEW
International Disputes	VIEW
Dispute Settlement Mechanism	VIEW
Resolution Implications for International Manager	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Social Environment in International Business, Introductions, Meaning, Needs and Importance	VIEW
Impact of Social Environment on International Trade	VIEW
Culture, Introduction, Meaning and Features	VIEW
Elements of Culture	VIEW
Multiculturalism, Concepts, Characteristics and Managing Multiculturalism	VIEW
Indian Culture and Impact of Global Culture on Indian Culture	VIEW
Cross Cultural Communication	VIEW
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Economic Environment, Concepts, Meaning, Features, Components and Importance	VIEW
Economic Policies	VIEW
Discretionary Policy	VIEW
Policy Rules	VIEW
Macro Economic Factors affecting Investment Decisions	VIEW
Foreign Investment Sources	VIEW
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)	VIEW
Factors Influencing FDI	VIEW
Inbound FDI	VIEW
Outbound FDI	VIEW
Foreign Portfolio Investment	VIEW
FPI vs FDI	VIEW
Capital Inflow	VIEW
Capital Outflow	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Natural Environment, Meaning and Importance	VIEW
Evaluation of Interaction between Foreign Trade and Environment	VIEW
Green Business	VIEW
Sustainability Strategies	VIEW
Green Business Practices	VIEW
Ecomarks	VIEW
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)	VIEW
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)	VIEW
ISO 14000	VIEW
Information Technology	VIEW
Impact of Information Technology on International Business	VIEW
Role Played by Satellite Signals in Assisting Government and Private Sectors	VIEW

Rural Marketing Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202512/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Rural Marketing, Concepts, Meaning, Natures, Scope and Features	VIEW
Evolution and Development of Rural Marketing in India	VIEW
Rural Markets, Concepts, Features, Classification, Scopes, Importance and Challenges	VIEW
Rural v/s Urban Markets	VIEW
Rural Business Environment, Concepts, Nature, Scope, Advantages and Challenges	VIEW
Opportunities and Challenges in Rural Marketing	VIEW
Government Initiatives for Rural Development and its Role in Rural Marketing	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Rural Consumer Behavior, Concepts, Meaning, Characteristics and Factors	VIEW
Cultural, Social & Economic Aspects of Rural Buyers	VIEW
Buying Decision Process in Rural Households	VIEW
Role of Opinion Leaders and References Group in Buying Decision	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Rural Marketing Mix	VIEW
Product Planning and Design for Rural Markets	VIEW
Pricing Strategies for Rural Consumers	VIEW
Rural Distribution Channels and Logistics	VIEW
Role of Retailers in Distribution	VIEW
Promotional Tools and Media in Rural Areas	VIEW
Packaging and Branding for Rural Markets	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Target and Positioning in Rural Context	VIEW
Distribution Strategies in Rural Areas	VIEW
Rural Supply Chain Management	VIEW
Promotions and Communications Strategies for Rural Consumers	VIEW
Roles of Sales Force and Personal Selling Rural Areas	VIEW
Institutional Support in Rural Marketing Including NGOs, SHGs and Cooperatives	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Impact of Digital Technology on Rural Marketing	VIEW
E-Rural Marketing	VIEW
Role of Microfinance in Rural Marketing	VIEW
Rural Credit System	VIEW
Green Marketing	VIEW
Sustainable Practices in Rural Areas	VIEW
Circular Economy & Rural Innovation	VIEW
Emerging Business Models IN Rural Areas	VIEW
Rural Entrepreneurship	VIEW
Future Outlook of Rural Marketing in India	VIEW

Entrepreneurship and Start-ups Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202512/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Entrepreneurship, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions, Importance, Types and Functions	VIEW
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship	VIEW
Qualities of a Successful Entrepreneur	VIEW
Entrepreneur vs Manager	VIEW
Role of Entrepreneur in Economic Development	VIEW
Women Entrepreneur, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions, Importance, Problems and Challenges	VIEW
Associations Promoting Women Entrepreneurs	VIEW
Rural Entrepreneurs, Meaning, Definitions and Importance, Problems and Challenges	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Small Scale Industry, Meaning, Definitions, Features, Functions, Types, Advantages and Challenges	VIEW
Product Range	VIEW
Ownership Pattern of Small-Scale Industries	VIEW
Role of Small-Scale Industry in Economic Development	VIEW
Problem Faced by Small-Scale Industry	VIEW
Policies Governing Small-Scale Industry (SSI)	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Start-Ups, Introduction, Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Characteristics, Types, Scope, and Functions	VIEW
Eligibility Criteria for Start-ups	VIEW
Stand-Up India	VIEW
Single Point Registration Scheme	VIEW
Steps in Starting New Venture: Locations, Clearances, and Permits Required	VIEW
Start-Up Life Cycle	VIEW
Challenges Faced by Start-Ups in India	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Idea Generation, Meaning & Steps	VIEW
Business Plan, Introduction, Meaning, Definitions, and Importance	VIEW
Preparation of Business Plan	VIEW
Format of Business Plan	VIEW
Financial, Marketing, Human Resource, Technical and Social Aspects of Business Plan	VIEW
Common Pitfalls to be Avoided in Preparation of Business Plan	VIEW
New Age Business	VIEW
FinTech, EdTech, Health Care, Agri Tech, Defence, IT, Space, Robotics, Digital Transformation	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Handholding, Concepts, Objectives, Components, Importance, Challenges and Solutions	VIEW
Funding	VIEW
Incentives	VIEW
Incubation Centres, Meaning, Objectives and Services	VIEW
Credit Guarantee Scheme for Start-ups	VIEW
Tax Exemptions & Legal Support by Government	VIEW
Other State Initiatives to Support Start-ups	VIEW
Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana	VIEW
Venture Capital Schemes	VIEW
Angel Investors	VIEW
Support for International Patent Protection in Electronics and Information Technology (SIP-EIT)	VIEW
Extra Mural Research Funding	VIEW

Cost Accounting Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202521/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Cost Accounting, Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Scope, Functions, Uses, Advantages and Limitations	VIEW
Cost Accounting, Meaning, Methods, Techniques, Importance and Limitations	VIEW
Difference between Cost Accounting and Financial Accounting	VIEW
Elements of Cost	VIEW
Classifications of cost	VIEW
Cost Reduction and Cost Control	VIEW
Cost Sheet	VIEW
Proforma of a Cost Sheet	VIEW
Tenders and Quotations	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Material Cost, Introductions, Meaning, Importance and Types	VIEW
Procedure for Procurement of Materials	VIEW
Duties of Store Keeper	VIEW
Stock Level Setting	VIEW
Concepts of EOQ	VIEW
Material Issues- Preparation of Stores Ledger: FIFO, LIFO, Simple Average Price, Weighted Average Price Method	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Employee Cost, Concepts, Meaning, Objectives, Components, Methods, Classifications, and Importance	VIEW
Attendance Procedure	VIEW
Time Keeping and Time Booking	VIEW
Idle Time, Concepts, Causes, Treatment of Normal and Abnormal Idle Time	VIEW
Over Time, Causes and Treatment	VIEW
Remuneration	VIEW
Computation of Wage Under Time and Piece Rate	VIEW
Incentive Schemes, Components, Types	VIEW
Incentive Systems (Hasley Plan, Rowan Plan, Taylor’s & Merrick Differential Piece Rate System)	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Overheads, Introduction, Meaning and Classification	VIEW
Accounting for Overheads, Estimation, Collection & Cost Allocation	VIEW
Apportionment	VIEW
Re-apportionment	VIEW
Absorption of Overheads	VIEW
Primary Overhead Distribution	VIEW
Secondary Overhead Distribution	VIEW
Repeated Distribution Method	VIEW
Repeated and Simultaneous Equation Method	VIEW
Computation of Machine Hour Rate	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Reconciliation, Introduction, Meaning, Definitions and Procedures	VIEW
Reasons for Difference in Profits Under Financial and Cost Accounts	VIEW
Reconciliation of Profits of Cost and Financial Accounts	VIEW
Preparation of Reconciliation Statements	VIEW
Memorandum Reconciliation Account	VIEW

Financial Management Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202514/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Finance, Introduction, Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Types and Source of Finance	VIEW
Business Finance	VIEW
Financial Management, Concept, Introduction, Objectives, Functions and Goals	VIEW
Financial Planning, Objectives, Steps and Importance	VIEW
Essentials of Effective Financial Planning	VIEW
Factors Influencing a Financial Plan	VIEW
Recent Trends in Financial Management	VIEW
Crypto Currency Market	VIEW
AI in Financial Management	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Time Value of Money, Introduction, Meaning, Definition and Need	VIEW
Future Value: Single Flow, Uneven Flow and Annuity	VIEW
Present Value: Single Flow, Uneven Flow and Annuity	VIEW
Double Period	VIEW
Cost of Capital, Introduction, Meaning and Definitions	VIEW
Computation of Cost of Capital	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Financing Decision, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions, and Importance	VIEW
Capital Structure, Meaning & Definition	VIEW
Factors influencing Capital Structure	VIEW
Optimum Capital Structure	VIEW
Leverages, Meaning and Types	VIEW
Computation and Implication	VIEW
Analysis of EBIT	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Capital Budgeting, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions	VIEW
Factors Affecting Capital Budgeting	VIEW
Techniques of Capital Budgeting	VIEW
Discounted Cash Flow Methods: Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period	VIEW
Dividend Decision, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Types	VIEW
Determinants of Dividend Policy	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Working Capital, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions	VIEW
Significance of Adequate Working Capital	VIEW
Consequences of Excess or Inadequate Working Capital	VIEW
Determinants of Working Capital	VIEW
Sources of Working Capital	VIEW
Cash Management, Meaning & Definitions	VIEW
Motives of Holding Cash	VIEW
Cash Management Tools	VIEW
Receivables Management, Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Purpose	VIEW
Inventory Management, Meaning, Definitions, Purpose, Importance	VIEW

Advanced Corporate Accounting Bangalore North University B.Com SEP 2024-25 4th Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes12/12/202518/12/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Goodwill, Introductions, Meaning, Definitions, Needs, Origins and Factors affecting Goodwill	VIEW
Provision Regarding Goodwill in Various Accounting Standards	VIEW
Methods of Valuation of Goodwill	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Valuation of Shares, Introductions, Meaning, Needs and Factors Affecting Valuation of Shares	VIEW
Methods of Valuation of Shares	VIEW
Valuations of Fully Paid-Up and Partly Paid-Up Equity Shares	VIEW
Net Assets Method of Valuation of Share	VIEW
Yield Method of Valuation of Shares	VIEW
Fair Value Method of Shares	VIEW
Earning Capacity Method	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Liquidation of Company, Introduction, Meaning and Definition	VIEW
Methods of Liquidation	VIEW
Preferential Payments, Introductions, Meaning, Features and Types	VIEW
Overriding Preferential Payments as per the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code	VIEW
Power and Duties of Liquidators	VIEW
Liquidator’s Remuneration	VIEW
Order of Disbursement to be made by Liquidator	VIEW
Preparation of Liquidator’s Final Statement of Account	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Merger and Acquisition, Meaning, Types and Objectives	VIEW
Provisions of AS-14	VIEW
Amalgamation, Meaning, Reasons, Types	VIEW
Amalgamation in the Nature of Merger and Purchase	VIEW
Accounting for Amalgamation	VIEW
Purchase Consideration, Lump Sum Method, Net Assets Method, Net Payment Method, Shares Exchange Method	VIEW
Discharge of Purchase Consideration	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Closing Journal Entries and Ledger Accounts in the Books of Transferor Company	VIEW
Opening Journal Entries in the Books of Transferee Company	VIEW
Calculation of Goodwill	VIEW
Calculation of Capital Reserve	VIEW
Preparation of Balance Sheet after Merger as per Schedule III of Companies Act 2013	VIEW

Constitutional and Moral Values – 2 Bangalore North University B.COM SEP 2024-25 3rd Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes10/08/202521/10/20251

Unit 1 Constitutional Values in Action: A Legislative perspective
Reservation Policies for SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS	VIEW
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act-2005	VIEW
Right to Information Act-2005	VIEW
The Karnataka Land Reforms Act-1961	VIEW
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989	VIEW

Unit 2 Constitutional Morality Through the Lens of Landmark Judgements
I.C. Golak Nath vs State of Punjab (AIR 1967 SC 1643)	VIEW
Keshavananda Bharathi vs State of Kerala (AIR 1973 SC 1461)	VIEW
Minerva Mills vs Union of India (1980 SC 1789)	VIEW
Shah Bano’s Case (1985 2 SCC 556)	VIEW
Indian Young Lawyers Association vs State of Kerala	VIEW
Nabam Rebia Judgement (2016)	VIEW
S.R. Bommai vs Union of India (AIR 1994 SC 1918)	VIEW

Unit 3 Electoral Process and Challenges to Constitutional Values in Contemporary India
Election Commission, Electoral Values, Electoral malpractices, and Code of Conduct	VIEW
Corruption in India	VIEW
Hate Speech by Politicians	VIEW
Communal Violence	VIEW
Dynastic and Caste Politics	VIEW
Human Rights Violations	VIEW
Terrorism and Separatist	VIEW
Religious and Ethnic Conflicts	VIEW

Banking and Insurance Bangalore North University B.COM SEP 2024-25 3rd Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes10/08/202519/08/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Bank, Introduction, Meaning, Definition, Functions and Types	VIEW
Banking, Meaning, Definition and Types	VIEW
Know Your Customer (KYC) Norms	VIEW
Banker and Customer Relationship	VIEW
Types of Customers: General and Special	VIEW
Banking Innovations:	VIEW
Digital Banking	VIEW
NEFT	VIEW
RTGS	VIEW
ECS	VIEW
UPI	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Negotiable Instruments, Meaning, Characteristics and Types	VIEW
Promissory Note	VIEW
Bill of Exchange	VIEW
Certificate of Deposits	VIEW
Cheques, Meaning, Definition	VIEW
Crossing of Cheques, Meaning, Types and Rules, Material Alterations	VIEW
Endorsement, Meaning & Definition, Kinds of Endorsement	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Collecting Banker Meaning, Duties and Responsibilities	VIEW
Statutory Protection to Collecting Banker	VIEW
Banker as a holder in due course	VIEW
Holder for value	VIEW
Paying Banker: Meaning, Precautions	VIEW
Statutory Protection to the Paying Banker	VIEW
Grounds for Dishonour of Cheques	VIEW
Consequences of Wrongful dishonour of Cheques	VIEW
Lending Operations	VIEW
Principles of Bank Lending	VIEW
Kinds of Lending Facilities:
Loans	VIEW
Cash Credit	VIEW
Overdraft	VIEW
Bills Discounting	VIEW
Letter of Credit	VIEW
NPA, Meaning, Circumstances and Impact	VIEW
Regulations of Priority Sector lending for Commercial Banks	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Insurance Basic concept of Risk, Types of Business Risk, Risk and Return Relationship, Risk Assessment and Transfer	VIEW
Insurance, Introduction, Meaning and Definition, Types and Basic Principles	VIEW
Insurance v/s Assurance	VIEW
Insurance Intermediaries	VIEW
Life Insurance	VIEW
General Insurance	VIEW
New Insurance Products	VIEW
Underwriting Process	VIEW
Re-insurance	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Banking Ombudsman	VIEW
Insurance Ombudsman	VIEW
Bancassurance, Models and Benefits	VIEW
Financial Inclusion	VIEW
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana	VIEW
Anti-Money Laundering (AML)	VIEW
Mergers & Acquisitions in BFSI Sector	VIEW
Digital Disruption in the BFSI Sector	VIEW
Blockchain in Fintech	VIEW
Cyber Security and Data Protection in Banking and Insurance	VIEW

Fundamentals of LSCM Bangalore North University B.COM SEP 2024-25 3rd Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes10/08/202519/08/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
Logistics, Meaning, Definition, Features, Objectives and Significance, Components, Types	VIEW
Logistics in Global Organizations	VIEW
Components of 7R	VIEW
Marketing Channel	VIEW
Logistics Channel	VIEW
Logistics Cost	VIEW
Reduction in Logistics Cost	VIEW
Benefits of Efficient Logistics	VIEW
Technology and Logistics	VIEW
Informatics	VIEW
Logistics Optimization	VIEW
Listing of Sub-sectors of Logistics	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Supply Chain Management, Meaning, Definition and Functions, Types of Supply Chain (Lean, Agile, Responsive, Digital and Green)	VIEW
Differences between Logistics and Supply Chain Management	VIEW
Linkage between Logistics and SCM	VIEW
Stages of Supply Chain	VIEW
Supply Chain Push and Pull Strategies	VIEW
Role of Supply Chain Management in achieving Organizational Goals	VIEW
Demand Forecasting and its impact on Supply Chain Planning	VIEW
Supply Chain Risk Management	VIEW
Key issues in Supply Chain Management and Conflict Resolution	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Procurement, Meaning and Definition	VIEW
Purchasing and Supply	VIEW
Difference between Procurement and Purchasing	VIEW
Sources of Procurement	VIEW
Procedures for Procurement	VIEW
Direct and Indirect Procurements	VIEW
Capital and Operational Expenditure	VIEW
Invoice Clearance and Payment	VIEW
Organization Structures for Procurement Functions	VIEW
IT Systems in Procurement: e-requisitioning, e-catalogue, e-sourcing, e- Payment Technologies	VIEW
Product Packaging	VIEW
Warehousing, Meaning, Definition, Types	VIEW
Bonded Warehousing	VIEW
Role of Warehousing in the Supply Chain	VIEW
Warehouse Management System (WMS)	VIEW
Warehouse Design and Layout Storage System and Equipment	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Inventory Management, Types of Inventories, Different Costs of Inventory	VIEW
Inventory Control Techniques:
Economic Order Quantity	VIEW
Just in Time	VIEW
ABC analysis	VIEW
Material Requirements Planning (MRP):	VIEW
Distribution Management, Introduction, Meaning, Definition	VIEW
Distribution Channels: First Mile, Middle Mile and Last Mile Delivery	VIEW
Distribution Network Design	VIEW
Distribution Resource Planning	VIEW
Reverse and Return Logistics	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Transport Management, Introduction, Meaning	VIEW
Different Modes of and Transportation: Ocean, Air, Rail, Road, Inland Waterways and Pipeline	VIEW
Multimodal Transportation	VIEW
Fleet Management	VIEW
Road Transportation Documentation and Regulations	VIEW
Vehicle Scheduling and Routing	VIEW
Volumetric Freight Calculations	VIEW
POD (Port of Discharge and Proof of Discharge) and its Importance	VIEW
Transportation Performance Metrics	VIEW
Technology in Transportation: GPRS Tracking, Transport Security, Drone for Last mile Delivery	VIEW

E-Commerce Bangalore North University B.COM SEP 2024-25 3rd Semester Notes

by indiafreenotes10/08/202517/08/20251

Unit 1 [Book]
e-commerce, Evolution, Meaning, Features, Components, Merits and Demerits	VIEW
Traditional Commerce v/s e-commerce	VIEW
e-Commerce Business Models:
B2C	VIEW
B2B	VIEW
C2C	VIEW
Web auctions (Online Auctions), Types of Online Auctions	VIEW
Virtual Communities, Types	VIEW
e-commerce Transaction	VIEW
e-Commerce Technologies	VIEW
e-business Revenue models	VIEW

Unit 2 [Book]
Client-Server Architecture, Introduction, Procedure of Client-server communication, Infrastructure Requirements for e-commerce	VIEW
E-Commerce Software	VIEW
E-Commerce Hardware	VIEW
Factors determining Web Server hardware and Software Requirements	VIEW
Web Hosting, Steps to Hosting a Website, Features provided by Web Hosting Service Providers, Selecting best Web Hosting Provider, Types of Web Hosting	VIEW
Web Site and Internet Utility Programs	VIEW
Shopping Cart Software, Types	VIEW

Unit 3 [Book]
Electronic Security, Features, Major vulnerability points in E-commerce, E-commerce Threats	VIEW
Steps to be taken to Provide E-business Security	VIEW
Encryption, Types	VIEW
Cryptography	VIEW
Digital Signature	VIEW
Digital Certificate	VIEW
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)	VIEW
Transport Layer Security (TSL)	VIEW
Firewalls	VIEW
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	VIEW
Network Security Policy, Steps in creating a Network Security Policy	VIEW

Unit 4 [Book]
Generic e-Payment System	VIEW
Differences between B2B and B2C Payments	VIEW
Types of E-Payment System	VIEW
Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol (SET Protocol)	VIEW
Cards	VIEW
USSD	VIEW
UPI	VIEW
AEPS	VIEW
Mobile Wallets	VIEW
E-Business Marketing Environment	VIEW
Characteristics of Marketing in B2B Environment	VIEW
Characteristics of Marketing in B2C Marketing	VIEW
Differences between B2B And B2C	VIEW
Cookies: Uses of Cookies, Types of Cookies	VIEW
Shopping Cart	VIEW
Latest development in e–Marketing:	VIEW
Chatbots Marketing	VIEW
AI Marketing	VIEW
SEO	VIEW
Social Engine Marketing	VIEW
Social Media Marketing	VIEW
Content Marketing	VIEW

Unit 5 [Book]
Cyber Crimes, Definition of Cyber law, Definition of Cyber Crimes, Nature of Cyber Crimes, Types of Cyber Crimes, Preventing of Computer crimes	VIEW
Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives of the Act, Definitions	VIEW
Digital Signature Certificate: Procedure of Digital Signature	VIEW
Penalties and Adjudication, Types of Penalties	VIEW
Power of the Controller	VIEW
Powers of the Adjudicating Officer	VIEW

Category: Bangalore North University B.Com Notes

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The Iroquois Creation Story by David Cusick

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CRITICAL READING: Framing a Shot

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SPEAKING: Asking for and Giving Information

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