Month: August 2026
by Business Research Methodology Bangalore North University BCOM SEP 2024-25 5th Semester Notes
| Unit 1 | |
| Meaning and Scope of Research, Types | VIEW |
| Application of Research in Business | VIEW |
| Characteristics of Good Research | VIEW |
| Steps in Research Process | VIEW |
| Terminologies of Research, Concept, Construct, Variables, Proposition and Theory and Model | VIEW |
| Unit 2 | |
| Selecting a Topic for Research | VIEW |
| Types of Research Problems in Social Science | VIEW |
| Components and Sources of Research Problem | VIEW |
| Review of Literature: Need, Purpose | VIEW |
| Research Gap Identification | VIEW |
| Introduction to Research Design: Meaning, Need and Importance | VIEW |
| Uses of Research Design | VIEW |
| Features of Good Research Design | VIEW |
| Unit 3 | |
| Data: Meaning and Types, Sources of Primary and Secondary Data | VIEW |
| Questionnaire, Survey, Schedule and Observation | VIEW |
| Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability Sampling Techniques | VIEW |
| Sampling Design | VIEW |
| Measurement and Scaling | VIEW |
| Primary Scales of Measurement (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio) | VIEW |
| Scales for Measurements of Constructs | VIEW |
| Likert and Semantic Differential Scale | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Data Analysis | VIEW |
| Frequency Distribution | VIEW |
| Descriptive Statistics | VIEW |
| Graphical Representation of Data | VIEW |
| Hypothesis: Concepts, Types, Level of Significance, Steps in Hypothesis Testing, Hypothesis Testing | VIEW |
| Parametric (Z-test and T-test) | VIEW |
| Non-Parametric (Chi-square Test) | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Data Analysis | VIEW |
| Frequency Distribution | VIEW |
| Descriptive Statistics | VIEW |
| Graphical Representation of Data | VIEW |
| Hypothesis: Concepts, Types, Level of Significance, Steps in Hypothesis Testing, Hypothesis Testing | VIEW |
| Parametric (Z–test and T–test) | VIEW |
| Non-Parametric (Chi–square Test) | VIEW |
| Unit 5 | |
| Report Writing, Types of Reports, Steps in Report Writing | VIEW |
| Format and Presentation of Report | VIEW |
| Referencing and Citation (APA, HBR) of Report | VIEW |
| Ethics in Business Research: Plagiarism, Data Privacy, Informed Consent and Academic Misconduct | VIEW |
Digital Banking and Innovation Bangalore North University BCOM SEP 2024-25 5th Semester Notes
| Unit 1 | |
| Evolution of Banking | VIEW |
| Traditional to Digital Transformation | VIEW |
| Comparison between Traditional Banking and Digital Banking | VIEW |
| Digital Banking, Meaning, Features, Scope and Significance, Advantages and Limitations | VIEW |
| Branchless Banking | VIEW |
| Digital Banking Channels and Platforms | VIEW |
| Digital Banking Ecosystem in India | VIEW |
| Financial Inclusion Initiatives | VIEW |
| Jan Dhan Initiative | VIEW |
| Aadhaar based Banking Initiative | VIEW |
| Mobile Banking | VIEW |
| Reserve Bank of India (RBI) | VIEW |
| Role of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in Digital Banking Regulation | VIEW |
| Unit 2 | |
| Digital Payment Systems and Services | VIEW |
| Domestic Payment Systems: | |
| RuPay | VIEW |
| AEPS | VIEW |
| NACH | VIEW |
| Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and its Architecture | VIEW |
| Role of National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) | VIEW |
| Mobile Wallets | VIEW |
| Prepaid Payment Instruments | VIEW |
| QR Code Payments | VIEW |
| Cards Payments | VIEW |
| ATMs Payments | VIEW |
| Cash Deposit Machines (CDM) | VIEW |
| Internet Banking | VIEW |
| Mobile Banking Services | VIEW |
| Electronic Fund Transfers: | |
| NEFT | VIEW |
| RTGS | VIEW |
| IMPS | VIEW |
| Personal Financial Management (PFM) Tools | VIEW |
| Case Studies of Digital Payment Platforms such as Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, and BHIM | VIEW |
| Unit 3 | |
| Financial Technology (Fintech) Innovations, Evolution of FinTech | VIEW |
| Role of Start-ups in Financial Innovation | VIEW |
| Neobanks Banking Business Models | VIEW |
| Digital Banking Business Models | VIEW |
| Digital Lending Platforms | VIEW |
| Peer-to-Peer Lending | VIEW |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Banking | VIEW |
| Machine Learning Applications in Banking | VIEW |
| Digital Investment Platforms | VIEW |
| Robo-Advisory Services | VIEW |
| InsurTech | VIEW |
| RegTech | VIEW |
| WealthTech | VIEW |
| Impact of FinTech on Traditional Banking Services | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Types of Cyber Threats in Digital Banking: Phishing, Malware, Identity Theft, and Social Engineering Attacks | VIEW |
| Digital Payment Security Mechanisms: OTP, Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), and Tokenization | VIEW |
| Data Privacy and Protection Frameworks | VIEW |
| Cyber Security Guidelines Issued by RBI | VIEW |
| Risk Management in Digital Transactions, Fraud Detection Systems, Customer Protection in Unauthorized Electronic Transactions, Grievance Redressal Mechanisms | VIEW |
| Digital Banking Consumer Awareness and Safe Digital Practices | VIEW |
| Cyber Fraud Case Studies in Digital Banking | VIEW |
| Unit 5 | |
| Open Banking | VIEW |
| Application-Based Banking Services | VIEW |
| Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) | VIEW |
| Cryptocurrencies and their Role in Finance | VIEW |
| Global Trends in Digital Payments | VIEW |
| Virtual Banking | VIEW |
| Metaverse Banking | VIEW |
| Green Banking and Sustainable Digital Banking Practices | VIEW |
| Impact of Digital Banking on Traditional Banking Structure | VIEW |
| Career Opportunities in Digital Banking and FinTech | VIEW |
| Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Outlook of Digital Banking in India | VIEW |
Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Research Bangalore North University BCOM SEP 2024-25 5th Semester Notes
| Unit 1 | |
| Consumer Behaviour: Meaning, Definition, Scope and Importance | VIEW |
| Interdisciplinary Nature of Consumer Behaviour | VIEW |
| Consumer Research | VIEW |
| Models of Consumer Behaviour: | |
| Input–Process–Output Consumer Behaviour Model | VIEW |
| Nicosia Model | VIEW |
| Howard Sheth Model | VIEW |
| Engel–Kollat–Blackwell Model | VIEW |
| Application of Consumer Behaviour in Marketing | VIEW |
| Profile of Indian Consumers | VIEW |
| Unit 2 | |
| Individual Determinants | VIEW |
| Consumer Needs and Motivation | VIEW |
| Personality | VIEW |
| Self-Concept | VIEW |
| Psychological Determinants: | VIEW |
| Motivation | VIEW |
| Perceptions | VIEW |
| Learning | VIEW |
| Belief | VIEW |
| Attitudes | VIEW |
| Consumer Attitude Formation and Change | VIEW |
| Group Determinants: Reference Group influence and Types of Consumer Groups, Factors affecting Group Influence | VIEW |
| Family functions and Family decision-making | VIEW |
| Social Class and Lifestyle | VIEW |
| Culture: Characteristics and Understanding Cross-cultures | VIEW |
| Unit 3 | |
| Consumer Decision Making, Introduction and Importance | VIEW |
| Consumer Decision Making Process | VIEW |
| Routine Response behaviour | VIEW |
| Limited and extensive Problem-Solving Behaviour | VIEW |
| Impulsive Buying Behaviour | VIEW |
| Diffusion of Innovation: Elements, Decisions, Adoption Categories | VIEW |
| Adoption Process | VIEW |
| Opinion Leadership, Dynamics of Opinion Leadership Process | VIEW |
| Environmentally Responsible Consumer Behaviour | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Marketing Research, Meaning, Definition, Nature, Significance, Types, Problems, Process | VIEW |
| Marketing Research Precautions | VIEW |
| Marketing Information System | VIEW |
| Marketing Research during different Business Phases | VIEW |
| Unit 5 | |
| Product Research | VIEW |
| Advertising Research | VIEW |
| Copy Testing | VIEW |
| Test Marketing | VIEW |
| Effectiveness Research | VIEW |
| Internet Marketing Research | VIEW |
| Cool Hunting | VIEW |
| Commercial Eye Tracking | VIEW |
| Marketing Research in India | VIEW |
| Ethical issues in Marketing Research | VIEW |
Human Resource Development Bangalore North University BCOM SEP 2024-25 5th Semester Notes
| Unit 1 | |
| Human Resource Development: Introduction, Meaning, Definition, Need and Objectives, Process | VIEW |
| Functions of HRD Manager | VIEW |
| Difference between HRM and HRD | VIEW |
| Role of HRD in Organizational Effectiveness | VIEW |
| Principles of HRD | VIEW |
| HRD Climate, Features of a healthy HRD Climate | VIEW |
| Recent Trends in HRD | VIEW |
| Unit 2 | |
| Training and Development, Meaning and Importance | VIEW |
| Training and Development: Differences | VIEW |
| Training Process | VIEW |
| Training Methods | VIEW |
| Training Need Analysis: Meaning and Levels, Process, Methods | VIEW |
| Concept of Learning | VIEW |
| On–the–Job: Job Instruction Training, Coaching, Mentoring, Job Rotation, Apprenticeship Training, Micro Learning, AR & VR Simulation | VIEW |
| Off–the–Job: Brainstorming, Case Studies, Role Plays, Simulations, T-Groups, Transactional Analysis, Lecture Method, In-basket Exercise, Vestibule Training, Management Games, Case Study, Programmed Instruction, Sensitivity Training | VIEW |
| Modern Learning Practices: | |
| Micro Learning | VIEW |
| Blended Learning | VIEW |
| Self-paced Learning | VIEW |
| Project-based Learning | VIEW |
| Knowledge Management, Strategies, HR Contributions in Knowledge Management | VIEW |
| Talent Management, Process | VIEW |
| Career Management | VIEW |
| Unit 3 | |
| Performance Management, Introduction, Scope and Objectives | VIEW |
| Performance Appraisal v/s Performance Management | VIEW |
| Challenges to Performance Management | VIEW |
| Performance Feedback and Feed-forward: Meaning and Importance | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Career Planning and Development: Meaning and Importance | VIEW |
| Career Stages: Exploration, Establishment, Mid-career, Late Career and Decline | VIEW |
| Career Development Practices | VIEW |
| Mentoring | VIEW |
| Career Counselling | VIEW |
| Career Pathing | VIEW |
| Concept of Brain-drain to Brain-retain | VIEW |
| Unit 5 | |
| Management Development, Process | VIEW |
| Managerial Global Competencies | VIEW |
| Employee Wellness | VIEW |
| Counselling | VIEW |
| Mental Health | VIEW |
| Stress Management | VIEW |
| Financial and Legal Guidance | VIEW |
| Work-life Balance | VIEW |
| Workplace Safety: POSH, Substance Abuse Assistance, First-aid Training, Fire-Safety Training | VIEW |
Advanced Financial Management Bangalore North University BCOM SEP 2024-25 5th Semester Notes
| Unit 1 | |
| Cash Flow, Introduction and Meaning, Utility of Cash Flow Measurements | VIEW |
| Classification of Cash Flows | VIEW |
| Benefits from using Cash Flows | VIEW |
| Cash Flows: | |
| Discounted Cash Flow Analysis | VIEW |
| Financing Flows | VIEW |
| Free Cash Flow | VIEW |
| Investment Flows | VIEW |
| Liability Swap | VIEW |
| Net Present Value | VIEW |
| Operating Cash Flows | VIEW |
| Period Payout | VIEW |
| Price to Cash Flow Ratio | VIEW |
| Capital Budgeting | VIEW |
| Principles of Cash Flow Estimation, Factors influencing | VIEW |
| Relationship between Cash Flow and Profit, Incremental Cash Flows | VIEW |
| Components of Cash Flows: Initial Investment, Annual Cash Flows and Terminal Cash Flow | VIEW |
| Unit 2 | |
| Risk Analysis: Introduction, Meaning, Types of Risks | VIEW |
| Systematic and Unsystematic Risks | VIEW |
| Risk and Uncertainty | VIEW |
| Techniques of Measuring Risks | VIEW |
| RADR | VIEW |
| Certainty Equivalent Approach | VIEW |
| Sensitivity Analysis | VIEW |
| Probability Approach | VIEW |
| Decision Tree Analysis | VIEW |
| Unit 3 | |
| Cost of Capital | VIEW |
| Cost of Equity | VIEW |
| Cost of Debt | VIEW |
| WACC | VIEW |
| Value of the Firm | VIEW |
| Market Value of Equity | VIEW |
| Value of Debt | VIEW |
| Optimum Capital Structure | VIEW |
| Theories of Capital Structures | VIEW |
| Concept of Relevant Theories | VIEW |
| Irrelevant Theories | VIEW |
| Net Income Approach | VIEW |
| Net Operating Income Approach | VIEW |
| Traditional Approach | VIEW |
| MM Hypothesis (including Problems on NI, NOI & MM Approach) | VIEW |
| Unit 4 | |
| Dividend Policies: Introduction, Meaning, Definition | VIEW |
| Types of Dividend Policy | VIEW |
| Significance of Stable Dividend Policy | VIEW |
| Determinants of Dividend Policy | VIEW |
| Dividend Theories | VIEW |
| Concept of Relevant and Irrelevant Theories | VIEW |
| Walter’s Model and Gordon’s Model and The Miller-Modigliani (MM) Hypothesis | VIEW |
| Unit 5 | |
| Technology-Enabled Financial Management | VIEW |
| Digital Transformation in Financial Management | VIEW |
| Digital Transformation in FinTech | VIEW |
| Digital Transformation in Corporate Finance | VIEW |
| Financial Analytics and AI in Decision Making | VIEW |
| Real-time Finance | VIEW |
| Predictive Planning | VIEW |
| Sustainable and Future-oriented Finance | VIEW |
| ESG | VIEW |
| Sustainable Finance | VIEW |
| Triple Bottom Line Approach | VIEW |
| Green Finance | VIEW |
| Emerging Trends in Financing and Capital Markets | VIEW |