A cashless society describes an economic state whereby financial transactions are not conducted with money in the form of physical banknotes or coins, but rather through the transfer of digital information (usually an electronic representation of money) between the transacting parties. Cashless societies have existed from the time when human society came into existence, based on barter and other methods of exchange, and cashless transactions have also become possible in modern times using credit cards, debit cards, mobile payments, and digital currencies such as bitcoin. However this article discusses and focuses on the term “cashless society” in the sense of a move towards, and implications of, a society where cash is replaced by its digital equivalent in other words, legal tender (money) exists, is recorded, and is exchanged only in electronic digital form.
Such a concept has been discussed widely, particularly because the world is experiencing a rapid and increasing use of digital methods of recording, managing, and exchanging money in commerce, investment and daily life in many parts of the world, and transactions which would historically have been undertaken with cash are often now undertaken electronically. Some countries now set limits on transactions and transaction values for which non-electronic payment may be legally used.
Benefits:
Reduced business risks and costs
Cashless payments eliminate several risks, including counterfeit money (though stolen cards are still a risk), theft of cash by employees, and burglary or robbery of cash. The costs of physical security, physically processing cash (withdrawing from the bank, transporting, counting) are also reduced once a business goes completely cashless, as is the risk that the business will not have enough cash on hand to make the change.
Reducing transmittal of disease via cash
Cash provides a good home for disease-causing organisms (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, COVID-19…). However, cash has been found to be less likely to transmit disease than commonly touched items such as credit card terminals and pinpads. Such concerns prompted the German central bank, Deutsche Bundesbank, to state that “Cash poses no particular risk of infection for public”.
Transaction speed
Restaurant chain Sweetgreen found cashless locations (with customers using payment cards or the chain’s mobile app) could process transactions 15% faster.
Elimination of high-denomination notes for purposes of reducing criminal activity
One significant societal advantage cited by proponents is the difficulty of money laundering, tax evasion, performing illegal transactions, and funding illegal activity in a cashless society. Many countries have regulated, restricted, or banned private digital currencies such as Bitcoin, partly to prevent illegal transactions. Large amounts of value can also be stored in real estate, antiques, or commodities like diamonds, gold, silver, and platinum.
Some have proposed a “Reduced cash” system, where small bills and coins are available for anonymous, everyday transactions, but high-denomination notes are eliminated. This would make the amount of cash needed to move large amounts of value physically awkward and easier to detect. Large notes are also the most valuable to counterfeit.
Better collection of economic data
Rather than conducting “Costly and periodic” surveys and sampling of real-world transactions, “real data” collected on citizens’ spending can assist in devising and implementing policies that are deduced from actual data. With recorded financial transactions, the government can better track the movement of the money through financial records which enables them to track the black money and illegal transactions taking place in the country.
Flexibility
With advanced technology and payment systems at our disposal, going cashless is as good as having cash. You can use your money in several different ways, and often almost instantaneously. So, purchase air tickets, pay off your home loan EMI, or buy a life insurance policy without having to arrange for cash.
Easier consumer budgeting
As digital payments are made, transactions are kept in records. Cashless payments facilitate the tracking of spending expenditure and record the movement of money. Having recorded transactions, it can help citizens to refine their budget more efficiently because people can see their recorded transactions in their bank account and know where their ingoing’s and outgoings are occurring.
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