Human Capital Management

Unit 1 Human Resource Management
Human Resources Management Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics VIEW
Human Resources Management Objectives, Importance VIEW
Human Resources Management Functions VIEW
Human Resources Management Scope VIEW
Human Resources Management Process VIEW
Human Resources Management Challenges VIEW
Human Resources Management Recent Trends VIEW
Human Resources Manager Duties and Responsibilities VIEW
Paradigms for Post Modern Managers: Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Objectives, Importance, Functions VIEW
Process of Human Resources Development VIEW
Differences between personnel Management and Human Resources Development VIEW
Difference HRM and SHRM VIEW
Difference between HRM and IHRM VIEW
Unit 2 Human Resource Planning, Recruitment & Selection
Human Resource Planning Meaning, Importance, Benefits VIEW
Human Resource Planning Scope VIEW
Job Analysis VIEW VIEW
Job Design VIEW VIEW
Job Description VIEW
Job enrichment VIEW
Job Evaluation VIEW
Recruitment Meaning, Definitions and VIEW VIEW
Sources of Recruitment VIEW
Traditional and Modern sources of recruitment VIEW
E-recruitment, Twitter, Blog, Instagram, LinkedIn, walk in, talk in, write in, Artificial intelligence (Robots based) virtual discussion VIEW
Selection Meaning, Definitions VIEW
Process of Selection VIEW
Identification of five dark qualities in an individual before selection process of selection and Placement VIEW
Unit 3 Human Resource Practices
Induction Meaning, Definitions, Objectives and Purposes VIEW
Orientation Meaning, Definitions, Objectives and Purposes VIEW
Training Meaning, Need, Benefits and Methods VIEW VIEW
Pros and Cons of each Method of HR Training VIEW
Identification of Training & Development Needs VIEW VIEW
Human Resources Development of Managers and Employees VIEW
Performance Management System (PMS) Meaning, Definitions, Objectives VIEW
Methods of Appraising the past performance and current performance of the employee and executive VIEW VIEW
Projecting future performance of an employee VIEW
Individual employee Development VIEW VIEW
Performance appraisal and Performance Management System (PA vs PMS) VIEW
Unit 4 Compensation and Reward System
Compensation Meaning, Definitions, Objectives and Importance VIEW VIEW
Wages and Salary Perquisites VIEW
Fringe Benefits VIEW
Bonus and Incentives VIEW VIEW
Incentives in sun rise sector and sun set sector VIEW
Incentives in sun set sector VIEW
Performance based pay, VIEW
Merit-based pay, skill-based pay, and competency-based pay VIEW
Dual system of payment for the same job position VIEW
Promotion: Meaning, Definitions, Features VIEW
Methods of Promotion, Seniority vs Meritocracy VIEW
Unit 5 Employee Coaching, Counselling and Industrial Relations
Employee Coaching: Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Types VIEW
Employee Counselling: Meaning Definitions, Objectives, Skills and Techniques VIEW
Industrial Relation: Meaning, definition VIEW
Actors in Industrial Relation VIEW

 

Marketing & Event Management

Unit 1 Marketing Management and Environment {Book}
Marketing Management: Meaning, Definitions VIEW VIEW
Features of Market VIEW
Features of Marketer VIEW
Marketing Concepts: Selling Concept, Marketing Concept and Societal Marketing Concept VIEW
Marketing versus Selling VIEW
E-marketing VIEW
Digital or Internet marketing VIEW
Marketing Environment VIEW
Micro Environment: Suppliers, Competitors, Intermediaries, Customers and Public VIEW VIEW
Macro Environment Demographic, Economic, Natural, Technological, Political and Cultural Factors VIEW

 

Unit 2 {Book}
Marketing mix: Meaning, components VIEW
**Product VIEW
**Product Mix VIEW
**Product Line VIEW
**Product lifecycle VIEW
**Product Planning VIEW
**New Product Development VIEW
4ps for goods marketing VIEW
7ps for services marketing VIEW
Distinction between goods marketing and service marketing VIEW
MIS VIEW VIEW VIEW
Marketing research VIEW VIEW VIEW
Marketing intelligence VIEW
Market Segmentation Definition, Objectives, Advantages, Limitations VIEW
Bases of Market Segmentation VIEW

 

Unit 3 Consumer Behaviour {Book}
Meaning, Definitions, Features and Importance of Consumer Behaviour VIEW VIEW
Customer versus Consumer VIEW
Buyer versus User VIEW
Buyer versus Decision Maker VIEW
Factors influencing Consumer Behaviour Cultural, Social, Personal and Psychological Factors VIEW
Consumers Buying Roles Initiator, Influencer, Decider, Buyer and User VIEW
Buying Behaviour: Complex Buying Behaviour, Dissonance Reducing Buying Behaviour, Habitual Buying Behaviour, Variety Seeking Buying Behaviour VIEW
Steps in Buying Process Need Recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Purchase Decision and Post Purchase Behaviour VIEW

 

Unit 4 Event management {Book}
Event: Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Types, Advantages VIEW
5C’s of event VIEW
Types of Customers for Events VIEW
Event management Meaning, Definitions, Essentials, Key Drivers VIEW
Stages and Decision Makers in Event Management VIEW
Event Management Staff VIEW
Establishing Policies and Procedures of an Event VIEW
Role of Event Manager and the people involved in conducting the event VIEW
Developing Record Keeping System in Event Management VIEW

No Update of Unit 5

Unit 5 Conduct of an Event & Procedure {Book}
Planning Schedule VIEW
Steps to Organize an Event VIEW
Assignment of Responsibilities: VIEW
Communication in Events VIEW
Multichannel used for communication, VIEW
Operational Communication Tools for Events VIEW
Event Marketing and Communications Planning Process VIEW
Budget of an Event Basic Event Budgeting Rules, Typical Event Expenditure VIEW
Budget of an Event VIEW
Fundamentals of Creating an Event Budget VIEW
Predicting the Financial Outcome of an Event VIEW
Importance of Financial Control of an Event VIEW
Continual adjustment of the Event Budget VIEW
Computer Aided Event Management VIEW
Use of Computer and Technology from the start to End of Event VIEW
Event Planning Software VIEW
Roles and responsibilities of Event manager for different Events VIEW
Checklist of an Event, Emergency plan checklist for an Event VIEW
Sample event planning checklist VIEW
Event Proposal VIEW
Events Licenses and Permissions, permits and license for events VIEW
Government Environment for Event VIEW

 

Read More: https://indiafreenotes.com/umbms-principles-of-marketing/

Read More: https://indiafreenotes.com/umbms-consumer-behaviour/

 

 

Advanced Financial Accounting

Unit 1 Branch Accounts

Meaning of Head Office, Branch VIEW
Branch Accounts: Introduction, Meaning, Objectives, Types VIEW
Branch Accounting Objectives and Advantages VIEW
Dependent Branches: Features VIEW
Independent Branches and Foreign Branches VIEW
Methods of maintaining books of accounts by the Head Office VIEW
Meaning and Features of Debtors System, Stock & Debtors System VIEW
Wholesale Branch System and Final Account System VIEW
Methods of ascertainment of Profit or Loss of Branch under Debtors System VIEW
Cost Price Method and Invoice Price Method VIEW
Problems on preparation of Branch A/c in the books of Head Office under Cost Price Method and Invoice Price Method VIEW
Supply of Goods at Cost Price VIEW
Supply of Goods at Invoice Price VIEW
Unit 2 Consignment Accounts {Book}
Consignment Accounts: Introduction, Meaning VIEW
Parties in Consignment Consignor and Consignee VIEW
Difference between Consignment and Ordinary Sale VIEW
Special terminologies in Consignment Accounts:
Proforma Invoice, Invoice Price, Account Sales, Non-recurring Expenses, Recurring Expenses, Ordinary Commission, Overriding Commission, Del Credere Commission VIEW
Normal Loss, Abnormal Loss VIEW
Small Problems on Commission and Valuation of Closing Stock VIEW
Consignment Accounts in the books of Consignor VIEW
Problems on preparation of Consignment A/c VIEW
Problems on preparation of Consignee A/c VIEW
Goods Sent on Consignment A/c in the books of Consignor VIEW
Goods Invoiced at Cost Price VIEW
Goods Invoiced at Selling Price VIEW
Valuation of Stock VIEW
Stock Reserve VIEW
Journal Entries, Ledger Accounts in the books of Consignor and Consignee VIEW
Unit 3 Accounting for Joint Ventures
Accounting for Joint Ventures: Introduction, Meaning, Objectives VIEW
Distinction between joint Venture and Partnership VIEW
Accounting for Joint Ventures, Preparation of Joint Venture A/c VIEW
Joint Bank A/c VIEW
Co-Ventures A/C’s VIEW
**Distinction between joint Venture and Consignment VIEW
**Maintenance of accounts in the Books of Co-venturers VIEW
**Maintaining Separate books for Joint Venture VIEW
**Preparation of Memorandum Joint Venture VIEW
Unit 4 Royalty Accounts
Meaning and Definition of Royalty Accounts VIEW
Special terminologies in Royalty Accounts Landlord, Tenant, Output, Minimum Rent/Dead Rent, Short Workings, Recoupment of Short Workings VIEW
Methods of Recoupment of Short Workings Fixed Method and Floating Method VIEW VIEW
Problems on Ascertainment of Royalty Payable VIEW
Preparation of Analytical Table including adjustment for Strike Period VIEW
Unit 5 Hire Purchase Accounts
Meaning and Definition of Hire Purchase System, Instalment Purchase System & Differences VIEW
Special terminologies in Hire Purchase Accounts Hire Vendor, Hire Purchaser, Down Payment, Principal Component, Interest Component VIEW
Cash Price VIEW
Hire Purchase Price VIEW
Need for segregation of Instalment Amount into Principal Component and Interest Component VIEW
Accrual method VIEW
Segregation of Instalment Amount into Principal Component and Interest Component when:
(i) Interest component is not included in the instalment amount VIEW
(ii) Interest component is included in the instalment amount VIEW
(iii) Rate of interest is not given VIEW
(iv) Cash price is not given VIEW

Business Mathematics

Business Organization & Market Dynamics

Unit 1 Forms of business entities {Book}
Business: Meaning, Definitions and Features VIEW
Major Forms of Business VIEW
Sole Trading concern, Meaning, Definition and Features VIEW VIEW
Partnership Firm Meaning, Definitions Features and limitation VIEW VIEW
Joint Stock Companies Meaning, Definitions, Features and Classification VIEW
Private Companies Meaning, Definition, Features, Privileges, Merits and Limitations VIEW
Public Companies Meaning, Definition, Features, Merits and Limitations VIEW
Distinctions Between Private and Public Companies VIEW
One-man company VIEW
Limited liabilities partnership (LLP) VIEW

 

Unit 2 Formation of Joint Stock Companies {Book}
Companies ACT 2013 Salient features, features of latest amendments VIEW
Meaning and steps of incorporation Joint Stock Companies VIEW VIEW
Memorandum of Association Contents VIEW
Articles of Association Meaning and contents VIEW VIEW
Prospectus & statement in lieu of prospectus meaning and content VIEW VIEW
Distinctions between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association VIEW
Methods of raising Share Capital VIEW
Initial Public Offer VIEW VIEW
Borrowed Capital VIEW
Debentures, Kinds of Debentures VIEW
Bonds Meaning, Definition, features VIEW VIEW
Kinds of Bonds: VIEW
Government bonds, Corporate bonds VIEW
Foreign bonds VIEW

 

Unit 3 Management of Joint Stock Companies {Book}
Meaning, Role, Powers and Liabilities of Directors VIEW VIEW
Meaning, Role, Powers and Liabilities of Chairman VIEW
Meaning, Role, Powers and Liabilities of Company Secretary VIEW VIEW
C-Suite executives-CEO, CFO, COO, CTO, CKO, CRO and CIO VIEW
Meeting and Types VIEW VIEW
Agenda of the meeting VIEW
Quorum of the meeting VIEW
Motions VIEW
Kinds of Resolutions VIEW
Minutes of Meeting VIEW
Corporate governance VIEW VIEW
Composition of BODs VIEW
Cadbury Committee report VIEW
SAXEN-OXLEY ACT VIEW
Narayamurthy and Narechandra Chandra committee recommendation of corporate Governance VIEW

 

Unit 4 Market Forces, Structure and Behaviour {Book}
Meaning, Definition, Determinants and Law of Demand VIEW
Supply Meaning, Definition VIEW
Determinants and Law of Supply VIEW
Market Structure Meaning and Definition VIEW
Price and output determination under Perfect Competition VIEW
Price and output determination under Monopoly VIEW
Price and output determination under Monopolistic Competition VIEW
Price and output determination under Oligopoly VIEW
Price and output determination under Duopoly VIEW

 

Unit 5 Financial Markets {Book}
Financial Markets: Meaning, Functions VIEW
Financial Markets Classification:
Organized Market, Unorganized Market VIEW
Capital Market, Money Market VIEW
Primary Market and Secondary Market VIEW
Distinctions between Organized and Unorganized Market VIEW
Distinctions between Capital Market and Money market VIEW
Distinctions between Primary Market and Secondary Market VIEW

Fundamentals of Management and Life Skills

Unit 1 Management {Book}

Introduction, Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Importance and Scope of Management VIEW
Management as a Science, as an Art and as a Profession VIEW
Meaning and Definitions of Administration VIEW
Differences between Management and Administration VIEW
Unit 2 Principles and Functions of Management {Book}
Principles of Management VIEW
Management Nature and Importance VIEW
FW Taylor’s Scientific Management VIEW
Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management VIEW
Management of objectives (MBO): Meaning, Definitions, Need, Benefits and Limitations VIEW
Management of Exception (MBE): Meaning, Definitions, Need, Benefits and Limitations VIEW
Management functions: Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Planning VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Organizing VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Staffing VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Directing VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Co-ordinating VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Reporting VIEW
Benefits & Limitations of Controlling VIEW
Unit 3 Leadership and Motivation {Book}
Leadership Meaning, Definition, Characteristics VIEW
Role and Qualities of a Good Leader VIEW
Leadership Styles: Autocratic, Democratic, Free-rein, New age leadership styles-servant leadership, Level-5 leadership, Transformation leadership, Transactional leadership, Negotiation leadership, Moral leadership, Women leadership and Global business leadership style VIEW
Motivation Nature, importance VIEW
Theories of Motivation:
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory VIEW
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y VIEW
Herzberg’s Two Factory Theory VIEW
Unit 4 Communication Skills {Book}
Meaning and Definitions of Communication VIEW VIEW
Types of Communication: Formal Communication & Informal Communication VIEW VIEW
Modes of Communication:
Verbal Communication VIEW
Non-Verbal Communication (Body Language, Gestures and Facial Expressions) VIEW
Etiquette and mannerism in Personal and Business meetings VIEW
E-communication: Video and virtual Conferencing VIEW
Written Communication VIEW
Email Writing VIEW
Characteristics Effective Communication VIEW
Importance of Effective Communication VIEW
Barriers to Effective Communication and Measures to Overcome Barriers VIEW
Measures to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication VIEW
Effective Communication Skills: Active Listening, Speaking, Observing, Empathizing VIEW VIEW
Tips for Improving Communication Skills VIEW
Unit 5 Life Skills, Personality and Attitude {Book}
Life Skills Meaning, Definitions VIEW
Elements of life skills: Behavior, Attitude, Mannerism, Manners, Etiquette, Ethos, Morality, Determination commitment, Courageousness, Perseverance VIEW
Personality-Meaning, Definition, Characteristics VIEW
Personality Determinants VIEW
Personality Types VIEW
Sources of Personality VIEW
Difference between Trait and Personality VIEW VIEW
Attitude: Meaning, Definition, Components VIEW
Characteristics/Functions of Attitude VIEW
Factors influencing attitude VIEW
Types of Attitude VIEW

Financial Accounting

Unit 1 Conceptual Frame Work Of Financial Accounting {Book}
Financial Accounting Meaning, Definition, Objectives VIEW
Financial Accounting Objectives VIEW
Terminologies: Transaction, debit, credit, Assets, Liabilities, Capital, Drawings, Goods VIEW
Distinctions between Goods and Assets VIEW
Purchases, Purchase Returns, Sales, Sales Returns VIEW
Invoice, Debit Note, Credit Note, Stock, Work-in-progress VIEW
Inventory, Incomes, Expenses, Creditors, Debtors VIEW
Bills of Exchange VIEW
Bills Receivable, Bills Payable VIEW
Outstanding Expenses, Accrued Incomes VIEW
Prepaid Expenses, Incomes received in Advance VIEW
Journal VIEW
Journal Entry, Rules for Journal Entry VIEW VIEW
Subsidiary Books VIEW
Journal Proper VIEW
Account Carried Down, Brought Down, Carried Forward, Brought Forward VIEW
Ledger Accounts VIEW
Income statement VIEW
Balance Sheet VIEW
Accounting Equation VIEW
Accounting concepts: Entity, Money measurement, Realization and Accrual concept VIEW
Introduction to IFRS VIEW
US-GAAP VIEW
European GAAP, Japanese GAAP VIEW

 

Unit 2 Accounting for Sale of Partnership firm {Book}
Sale to a Limited Company VIEW
Need for conversion – Meaning of Purchase Consideration, Methods of calculating Purchase Consideration, Net Payment method, Net Asset method VIEW
Passing of journal entries accounts in the Books of Vendor VIEW
Preparation of Ledger Accounts in the Books of Vendor VIEW
Treatment of Certain items VIEW
Dissolution expenses VIEW
Unrecorded Assets and Liabilities VIEW
Assets and Liabilities not taken over by the purchasing company VIEW
Contingent liabilities VIEW VIEW
Non-assumption of Trade Liabilities in the Books of Purchasing company VIEW
Passing of incorporation entries: Treatment of security premium VIEW

 

Unit 3 Accounting for Departmental Undertakings {Book}
Meaning and Features of Departmental Undertaking VIEW
Examples of Department Specific Expenses and Common Expenses VIEW
Need and Bases of Apportionment of Common Expenses VIEW
Preparation of Trading Account in Columnar Form VIEW
Preparation of Profit and Loss Account in Columnar Form VIEW
General Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet VIEW
Simple problems involving adjustment on Closing Stock VIEW
Depreciation VIEW
Inter Departmental Transfers at Cost Price VIEW

 

Unit 4 Fire Insurance claims {Book}
Meaning, Need and Advantages of Fire Insurance VIEW
Insurer/Insurance Company, Insured/Policyholder, Premium VIEW
Salvage, Insurance Policy, Sum Assured, Under Insurance, Average Clause, Claim VIEW

 

Unit 5 Computerized Accounting Systems {Book}
Computerized Accounts by using Accounting Software VIEW
Creating a Company; Configure and Features Settings VIEW
Creating Accounting Ledgers and Groups VIEW
Creating Stock Items and Groups; Vouchers Entry VIEW

 

Functions of Communication Technology in Corporate Communication

Influential businesses around the globe are aware that technology has reshaped the way we work today. When the digital era first started, the process of adaptation took some time, nonetheless the reward was priceless. These are 5 benefits from technology used in business communications:

  1. Increased Communication. Do you remember a time at work when you had to send a handwritten letter to your boss who might have worked in a different located due to either travel meetings or important projects? The average respond time could have been days. Today, technology gives us the opportunity to communicate via email, messages, Skype or FaceTime, within minutes and most importantly, from any part of the world.
  2. Improved Level of Security and distribution. “Back in the day” we used to store piles of paperwork in a locked safety cabinet or safe. Today, technology allows businesses to save up to thousands and thousands of sensitive information and files, encrypt such files and store on a single PC, external hard drive or cloud drive. With a proper antivirus like Avira, and security tips to protect your devices from hacking, the appropriate departments have access to these files and can share among one another within seconds while keeping files safe.
  3. Visual Quality. Do you remember when you used to write your reports with a typewriter? And you had to do it carefully to keep paper quality? Nowadays, computers have software tools like Word, PowerPoint, and Excel, which can make your reports more visually attractive. As well as correct mistakes as many times as you would like without having to worry about paper issues or constantly restarting.
  4. Quick, accessible Information. The Internet is another technology used in business communication. Trips to this virtual library can take place within seconds! Getting the information, you are looking for has never been easier and/or faster. Have you heard of a single company that doesn’t use internet in their daily basis? That’s right, today having Internet access is as important as having a computer, because of the accessible information you can get while using it at work, which can increase knowledge and substance different work reports.
  5. Increased Efficiency. Last but absolutely not least, efficiency. Here is a great example of how technology in business communications has increased efficiency: remember how credit cards used to be put under a carbon paper to get physical impression? We know what you’re thinking, it was tedious and it took a while. Today credit cards are swiped through a card reader and the payment is made! Additional ways efficiency has increased are; computers are also a handy tool to process data, and employees are working faster than ever and this is making their workflow smoother.

Importance of Technology to Corporate Communication

Technology has altered modern life in many ways, especially in the workplace. The invention of computers, the miniaturization of electronics and the development of wireless communication have all altered the business world. Business communication, in particular, has seen some of the greatest advancements due to technological developments.

  • Bring business efficiency

It helps people to be more productive and efficient. Whether you’re using a word processing program that allows you to edit with ease or an electronic bookkeeping system that pulls data at the touch of a keystroke, technology makes life easier. You can schedule sales calls and appointments, track employee time, and perform many tedious tasks that once took hours in only minutes.

  • Ensure Computational Accuracy

Modern spreadsheets like Excel, with its computational formulas, ensure accuracy. Accounting programs like QuickBooks allow keeping account inventory accurate and clear. All information related to sales, its management, areas, customer data and pay bills, payroll have become easier with the support of computer and its various functions. The basic understanding of system saves time and cost and compile financial information. With the use of many software programs, data can be stored easily and manage as well.

  • Technology helps to be competitive in marketplace

Today, no business can function without technology. Competitors use technology and go ahead in business; therefore, it is essential for a business too to use technology and its more advanced process as compared to its competitors. The use of digital marketing to promote a company and online sales tools to sell across the street and across the globe. Embrace Customer Relationship Management systems that allow a company to track what their customers do and like.

  • Be Industry Relevant

Technology opens the other information as well related to business for eg. A healthcare profession with the use of technology can connect its consumers online, understand their health-related problems, get connect with a pool of doctors, and regular information about latest development. It will help them to be industry relevant and acceptable in a market.

  • Security

Technology can be used to protect financial data, confidential executive decisions and other proprietary information that leads to competitive advantage. Simply put, technology helps businesses keep their ideas away from their competition. By having a password on computers, a business can ensure that all the important files are protected and saved.

  • Efficiency of Operations

Technology also helps a business understand its cash flow needs and preserve precious resources such as time and physical space. Warehouse inventory technologies let business owners understand how best to manage the storage costs of holding a product. With proper technology in place, executives can save time and money by holding meetings over the Internet instead of at corporate headquarters.

  • Information Retrieval and Distribution

Information from text to audio, video or images can be easily sent to the public in a vast array of methods. This way relationships are created faster and easier too.

Introduction, Defining Corporate Blogging, Characteristics of a Blog, Types of Corporate Blogs, Role of Corporate Blogs, Making a Business Blog

Blogging is considered to be the newswire of the digital revolution. It is a powerful tool for communicating company business stories. It is a way to engage new audiences and build relationships with existing customers and positions it as a thought leader in its field.

Blogs, short for web logs, are online platforms to create specific types of content, share them and interact with audiences. They may have a number of common features such as comment possibilities, trackbacks, and a Really Simple Syndication (RSS) technology. Generally, business blogs are non–commercial and non-promotional in nature and regularly updates the current information in content entries.

Today, every company and individual write blogs which helps them to express their ideas, perceptions, and information to their target audience. It is a platform of expression. It helps to generate customer value.

Corporate Blogs:

Corporate blogging can be defined as “the use of blogs to further accomplish company goals”. (Wiley)

Technopedia defines A business blog (b-blog) is a blog of published, informal online articles that are either included in a company’s internal communications system (intranet) or posted on the Internet for the public to read. Business blogs use a more personal tone than corporate websites and are primarily used for public relations purposes. A business blog may also be referred to as a corporate blog or corporate Weblog.

According to Technopedia website, there are two types of business Blogs:

Internal and External

An internal business blog generally uses RSS feeds to promulgate content to employees. Internal blogs are often used to promote employee participation and discussion, to foster a sense of community and to direct communication between various layers of a corporation.

The external blog is a publicly available and for public views and information. This is being done by any company employees or PR spokesperson to announce any new products, to clarify and explain policies or to react or respond to public issues. It is being treated more often the informal one than the formal press release. According to Hoffman Agency, Corporate blogs should not be about me but should be a platform to show thought leadership and communicate views on industry issues.

Business blogs have the advantage of offering a glimpse into the inner workings of a company that might not be found on its corporate website. Whether business blogs are external or internal, they are a familiar part of the corporate world.

Types of Business Blogs:

John Saddington in his blog identified five types of Blogs:

Senior Leadership, Founder, CEO

This one is obvious, it’s a blog where the CEO/Founder of the organization is providing most of the perspective and voice for the blog and the company. Perhaps it’s other senior leaders within their own area of expertise or role and responsibility. It comes from the top so it is a powerful perspective to consider.Of course, the challenge is that the leader of the company may not have enough time to blog consistently or regularly and that can really hurt the blog’s potential. There are a few examples of senior leader’s blogging regularly but it’s few and far between which makes this gem of a type extremely precious and rare.

Blogging is considered to be the newswire of the digital revolution. It is a powerful tool for communicating company business stories. It is a way to engage new audiences and build relationships with existing customers and positions it as a thought leader in its field.

Blogs, short for web logs, are online platforms to create specific types of content, share them and interact with audiences. They may have a number of common features such as comment possibilities, trackbacks, and a Really Simple Syndication (RSS) technology. Generally, business blogs are non – commercial and non-promotional in nature and regularly updates the current information in content entries.

Today, every company and individual write blogs which helps them to express their ideas, perceptions, and information to their target audience. It is a platform of expression. It helps to generate customer value.

Corporate Blogs:

Corporate blogging can be defined as “the use of blogs to further accomplish company goals”. (Wiley)

Technopedia defines A business blog (b-blog) is a blog of published, informal online articles that are either included in a company’s internal communications system (intranet) or posted on the Internet for the public to read. Business blogs use a more personal tone than corporate websites and are primarily used for public relations purposes. A business blog may also be referred to as a corporate blog or corporate Weblog.

According to Technopedia website, there are two types of business Blogs: Internal and External

An internal business blog generally uses RSS feeds to promulgate content to employees. Internal blogs are often used to promote employee participation and discussion, to foster a sense of community and to direct communication between various layers of a corporation.

The external blog is a publicly available and for public views and information. This is being done by any company employees or PR spokesperson to announce any new products, to clarify and explain policies or to react or respond to public issues. It is being treated more often the informal one than the formal press release. According to Hoffman Agency, Corporate blogs should not be about me but should be a platform to show thought leadership and communicate views on industry issues.

Business blogs have the advantage of offering a glimpse into the inner workings of a company that might not be found on its corporate website. Whether business blogs are external or internal, they are a familiar part of the corporate world.

Types of Business Blogs:

John Saddington in his blog identified five types of Blogs:

Senior Leadership, Founder, CEO

This one is obvious – it’s a blog where the CEO/Founder of the organization is providing most of the perspective and voice for the blog and the company. Perhaps it’s other senior leaders within their own area of expertise or role and responsibility. It comes from the top so it is a powerful perspective to consider.Of course, the challenge is that the leader of the company may not have enough time to blog consistently or regularly and that can really hurt the blog’s potential. There are a few examples of senior leader’s blogging regularly but it’s few and far between which makes this gem of a type extremely precious and rare.

Specific Team or Department Blog

Your organization may be large enough to have department specific blogs that focus their content on what that specific department is responsible for. Examples would include the Information Technology (IT) team having a blog sharing their thoughts on infrastructure and database management or the software development team is honest about their approach and struggles with shipping their product.

  1. Product, Service, Marketing Blog

Most businesses would take this type and roll it into one of the other types as a sub-type but the better business blogs that I’ve seen strategically focus their content on talking about one of their products, most likely their flagship product, and making that the blog channel that becomes marquee.

For example, if your entire business is centered around a specific web application then having a blog that’s dedicated to sharing the details of the product, the team behind it, the challenges, the updates, the “behind the scenes” look would be pretty neat. A lot of great business blogs take this strategy and work in soft-marketing approaches to entice new customers

  1. Employee Blog

Finally, the last type of business blog would be a specific employee blog or perhaps a network of employee blogs that are powered by individual employees. Perhaps it’s a blog that is company branded or perhaps it’s their independent blog that just becomes the “voice” for the business. In either case, this can work well if the employee understands their responsibility to the organization as a whole and that the specific expectations are laid out.

Characteristics of a Blog:

Blogbasics.com has listed the characteristics of a blog which are as follows:

  • a blog has some form of navigation, usual menus
  • a blog’s layout contains a header, footer, and content.  Usually, there is at least one sidebar running beside the content.
  • categories of posts
  • that readers can access the archives, previous posts
  • that a post can contain text and images, (and often video and other media)
  • that posts can contain links to other posts, both within a blog and to the entire web
  • should contain a contact page and form
  • should contain an about page
  • It may also display of recent posts, a plugin that automatically sends a new post details to Twitter or Facebook, image galleries and the ability to turn the post into an easy to print a document.
  • Also, for writing a blog no technical knowledge is required. Only basics and understanding about the subject helps to create effective blogs.
  • Instant distribution of information to millions of masses across the globe
  • Systematically organized
  • Search engine magnets to find the types of content required
  • Permalinks means any author who writes a blog also has a link to his bio, other articles details etc. so, a reader gets a chance to connect with the author directly

Role of Corporate Blogs in Public Relations:

By writing about your industry, reviewing products, providing company news, and commenting on various business and economics issues, your blog is a ready source of news stories. By writing in a style that reflects your personality, along with your expertise in the industry, journalists will consider you to be an industry expert.

As competition for available media coverage tightens in a sea of press releases and attention-stealing publicity stunts, it is harder than ever for a business to gain much-needed publicity. A business person is often at a complete loss as to how to get media coverage of a worthwhile business story.

Getting someone to hear the message is half the battle. Having the members of the media consider it newsworthy is the other half. Somewhere, there must be another vehicle that can gain the attention of an already swamped news editor. Help for the publicity-seeking business person has arrived in the form of the blog.

Should a disaster happen either to the business or its customers, a business blog provides an immediate and personalized vehicle to discuss the issue with the public. Instead of the “spin” usually associated with public relations, the blog can serve as an honest and concerned pipeline directly to the public. By addressing the issues openly and honestly, the business can regain and even increase the public’s trust. Concerned customers and the general public will view the blog as giving the straight answers. Such trust will only help enhance the business’s reputation, both in the short and long run.

Perhaps the single most powerful aspect of blogs, in the area of public relations, is the personalization aspect. A writer is a real person, putting a human face on what might otherwise be perceived as an unknown and distant company. By developing trust among the various readership groups, the blog writer provides a personal link to the company. If the goal of a public relations effort is to work in coordination with sales and marketing, a blog will establish trust with current and prospective customers and clients. It’s a well-known truism that people will buy from their friends and people whose word they trust. The development of a blog component to the company website will go far in achieving those trust based goals.

Blogging as a public opinion medium gives up that tight control and presents a message in a conversation with the reader. In that sense, the blog cultivates public opinion. With increasing transparency, inside and outside of organizations, the best approach is one of open discussion. A blog is the ideal delivery vehicle.

Many people have begun to mistrust the traditional canned public relations approach as lacking honesty. The openness of a blog changes that perception entirely. As the philosopher, Marshall McLuhan stated, “Perception is reality”. In other words, what we perceive to be true is real in our own thoughts. A blog can enhance that perception of honesty by delivering the straight goods on an issue. With that open approach, lacking the traditional tightly controlled message, trust in the company is enhanced. In both the short and longer terms, that trust translates into more lifelong customers and clients.

Making a Business Blog:

There are a number of issues that need to be addressed when it comes to improving corporate blogs, but here, we have few important list or key elements which need to be focused when we define the aspects of corporate blogs. They are:

Blog plan of approach: once a company decides to publish their blog, they need to first develop a comprehensive plan of approach wherein they need to decide about the focal topic on which they want to focus. They also need to understand that what kind of audiences they are looking for and what communication they would like to make with their target audiences. The company should have a clear agenda on what subjects they want to focus their blog at one time it could be about business, economy, finance, company philosophy, consumer awareness, discussion on any current subjects etc. while doing all these, a company should never ever forget to be ethical in their approach. It is important for an organization to be honest, truthful and accurate while talking with their audiences and setting the objectives with them. The blog is a useful and powerful medium to enhance customer relationship, customer engagement, driving purchase intent, educate, aware them about new changes and role of an organization in it.

Blog Design: Experts suggest that blog design should be little different from the conventional design of a website. It helps to find an easy identification and define the purpose. Blog design like all design is the discipline of studying content, interpreting personality, anticipating needs, and translating unspoken hope and desire. Blog design is about adding the gestures and modulation one would find in a face to face conversation. Blog design supports and adds value to the text. Blog design also adds or subtracts credibility. The key design features for corporate blogs are:

  • Proactively promote having people sign up for the newsletter. A company should be more proactive in finalizing the design or to attract the people to visit on their blog page. “Subscribe to our blog posts” will not do many changes. A company should follow the more engaging approach might sound like “Like what you are reading?” etc.
  • There are many blog designs use the right-hand navigation but to create a difference left-hand navigation should be used.
  • A company should also share a permalink which is connected to all.
  • It is also recommended to create a widget so that most liked post or popular post is visible easily to visitors and read the best blogs on the products or services that have to offer.

Blog content: Corporate blogging is the practice of creating content that addresses industry updates, expert tips or best practices and company news from the perspective of a brand. It is used by businesses of all sizes as a means of content marketing. The blog may be written by the executive within a business or by professional SEO and content writers with industry expertise on behalf of the business.

Choose the right topic and find your voice: a blogger should always choose the relevant topic based on business backgrounds and articulate thoughts systematically.

Link the professional sites link: it is important for an author to get connect with their audience, therefore, they should create a link which can direct the audience to visit on the page of author profile and interest details.

Good corporate blog posts are about 400-1,000 words: Blog posts should be easily digestible during a coffee break.  Readers will give up if they need to scroll down endlessly.  If you’re getting upwards of 1,000 words, consider breaking your post into two parts, or tightening up your ideas and language.

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