Tag: Production and Inventory Management Bangalore University BBA Notes

Bangalore University B.com Notes

FN5.5 Corporate Financial Management

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 Financial Management and Corporate Strategy [Book]  
Financial Management VIEW VIEW
Financial Policy VIEW
Corporate Strategy VIEW
Levels of Strategies Corporate level, Business level, Functional level VIEW
Financial Planning VIEW VIEW VIEW
Interface of financial policy VIEW
Strategic management VIEW VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 2 Capital Budgeting Risk and Uncertainty {Book}  
Capital Budgeting Process VIEW
**Capital Budgeting Method VIEW VIEW
  VIEW VIEW
Risk Analysis VIEW
Meaning of Risk and Uncertainty VIEW VIEW
Measuring Risk VIEW VIEW
Probability Approach VIEW
Standard Deviation of Cash Flows VIEW
Certainty Equivalent Approach VIEW
Risk Adjusted Discount rate VIEW VIEW
Sensitivity Analysis VIEW
Decision tree analysis VIEW VIEW
Managing Strategic Investment Decisions VIEW

 

Unit 3 Financing Decisions {Book}  
Financing Decisions VIEW
Capital Structure VIEW
Equity & Debt in capital structure VIEW VIEW VIEW
Capital Structure theories VIEW
Net Income Approach, Net Operating Income approach, MM Approach (Modern view) VIEW
WACC Approach (Traditional view) VIEW
Tips to Make Smarter Strategic Financial Decisions VIEW

 

Unit 4 {Book}  
Dividend Decisions, Establishing a dividend policy VIEW
Dividend theories VIEW
Relevance Theory, Walter’s Valuation Model, Gordon’s growth Model, Modigliani and Miller’s Model VIEW
Irrelevance Theory: Residual Theory, Tax differential theory, Gordon & Linter’s Theory VIEW

 

Unit 5 Investment Decision {Book}  
Investment Decision VIEW VIEW
Investing Surplus Funds VIEW
Financing Short-Term Deficits VIEW
Centralized versus Decentralized Cash Management VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

AC 5.5 Advanced Accounting

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes1
Unit 1 {Book}
Business of Banking companies VIEW
Some important provisions of Banking Regulation Act of 1949, Brokerage, Discounts, Statutory Reserves, Cash Reserves VIEW
Minimum capital and reserves, Restriction on commission VIEW
Books of accounts VIEW
Special features of bank accounting VIEW
Final Accounts, Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss account VIEW
VIEW
Interest on Doubtful debts VIEW VIEW
Rebate on bill Discounted VIEW
Acceptance, Endorsement and Other obligations VIEW
Problems as per new provisions

 

Unit 2 Accounts of Insurance Companies {Book}
(a) Life insurance: Accounting concepts relating to life insurance companies VIEW
Preparation of Final accounts of life insurance companies VIEW
Revenue account and Balance sheet VIEW
(b) General insurance: Meaning Accounting concepts VIEW
Preparation of Final accounts VIEW

 

Unit 3 Inflation Accounting {Book}
Need, Meaning, Definition Importance, Role, Objectives, Merits, and Demerits of Inflation Accounting VIEW
Problems on Current purchasing power method (CPP) VIEW
Current cost accounting method (CCA) VIEW

 

Unit 4 Farm Accounting  {Book}
Meaning, Need and Purpose, Characteristics of farm accounting VIEW
Nature of Transactions, Cost and revenue VIEW
Apportionment of common cost VIEW
By product costing VIEW
Farm Accounting, Recording of transactions, problems VIEW

 

Unit 5 Investment Accounting {Book}
Introduction, Nature of Investment Accounting VIEW
Investment Ledger VIEW
Different terms used; Cum dividend or Interest and ex- dividend or interest VIEW
Securities VIEW VIEW
Bonus Shares VIEW VIEW
Right Shares VIEW VIEW
Procedures of Recording shares VIEW
Bangalore University B.com Notes

Auditing and Reporting

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 {Book}  
Auditing, Types of Audits, Advantages of Auditing VIEW
Differences between Accountancy and Auditing VIEW
Preparation before Commencement of New Audit VIEW
Audit Notebook VIEW
Audit Working Papers VIEW
Audit Program VIEW
Recent Trends in Auditing VIEW
Nature & Significance of Tax Audit VIEW
Cost Audit VIEW
Management Audit VIEW
Forensic Audit VIEW
Tally ERP 9 Auditors Edition: Introduction, Features, Characteristics VIEW
Tally.Net: Features, Requirements for remote connectivity Access information via SMS VIEW
Safeguard Data Automated Backup and Recovery VIEW
E-Auditing-meaning, uses and limitations VIEW
Auditing the Auditors VIEW

 

Unit 2 {Book}  
Internal Control VIEW
Internal Check Meaning, Objectives and Fundamental Principles VIEW
Internal Check as Regards VIEW
Wage Payments VIEW
Cash Sales VIEW
Cash purchases VIEW
Internal Audit Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Audit VIEW
Differences between Internal Check and Internal Audit VIEW
E- Applications in internal control and check VIEW

 

Unit 3 {Book}  
Vouching Meaning, Definition, Importance, Objective, Characteristics and Source VIEW
Routine Checking and Vouching VIEW
Voucher, Types of Vouchers VIEW
Vouching of Receipts: Cash Sales, Receipts from Debtors VIEW
Proceeds of the sale of Investments VIEW
Vouching of Payments: Cash Purchases VIEW
Payment to Creditors VIEW
Deferred Revenue Expenditure VIEW
E-Vouching, Uses and Limitations VIEW

 

Unit 4 {Book}  
Meaning and Objectives of verification and valuation VIEW
Position of an Auditor as regards the Valuation of Assets VIEW
Verification and Valuation of different Items: Land & Building, Plant & Machinery VIEW
Goodwill Investments VIEW
Stock in Trade VIEW
Liabilities and Bills Payable VIEW
Sundry Creditors VIEW
Contingent Liabilities VIEW

 

Unit 5 {Book}  
Company Auditor Appointment VIEW
Company Auditor Qualification VIEW
Powers, Duties and Liabilities VIEW VIEW
Professional Ethics of an Auditor VIEW
Audit of Educational Institutions VIEW
Audit of Insurance Companies VIEW
Audit of Cooperative Societies VIEW
Institutions for Auditing:  
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) VIEW
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) VIEW
State Accountant and Auditor General (SAG) VIEW
Role and functions in Public Account Audits VIEW

 

Bangalore University B.com Notes

Cost Management

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 Cost Control and Cost Reduction {Book}  
Meaning of Cost control and Cost Reduction VIEW
Areas covered by cost control and cost reduction VIEW
Product Design VIEW
Target costing VIEW
Value Analysis VIEW
Value engineering VIEW
Value chain analysis VIEW
Business Process Re- Engineering VIEW
Pareto Chart VIEW

 

Unit 2 Marginal Costing {Book}  
Absorption costing VIEW
Cost classification VIEW
Under Absorption Costing VIEW
Meaning and Definition of marginal costing VIEW
Absorption Costing V/s Marginal Costing VIEW
Need for Marginal Costing, Against and in favour of marginal costing VIEW
Marginal cost equation VIEW
Uses and Limitations of Marginal Costing VIEW
Break even analysis VIEW
Problems on Break Even Analyses VIEW

 

Unit 3 Standard Costing {Book}  
Historical costing VIEW
Introduction Meaning & Definition of Standard Cost and Standard Costing, Advantages & Disadvantages of Standard Costing VIEW
Preliminaries in establishing system of Standard Costing VIEW
Variance Analysis VIEW VIEW
Material Variance VIEW
Labour Variance VIEW
Overhead Variance VIEW
Problems on Material Variances and Labour Variances VIEW

 

Unit 4 Budgetary Control {Book}  
Introduction, Meaning & Definition of Budget and Budgetary Control VIEW
Objectives, Essential requirements, Advantages and Disadvantages of Budgetary Control VIEW
Meaning, Types of Functional Budgets VIEW
Meaning, Types of Flexible Budgets VIEW
Meaning, Types of Cash Budgets VIEW
Meaning, Types of Sales budget VIEW
Meaning, Types of Production budget VIEW
Problems on Flexible budgets and Cash budgets VIEW

 

Unit 5 Activity Based Costing {Book}  
Activity Based Costing, Weakness of conventional system concept of ABC VIEW
Kaplan and Cooper’s Approach, Cost drivers and cost pools VIEW
Allocation of overheads under ABC VIEW
Characteristics of ABC VIEW
Steps in the implementation of ABC VIEW
Benefits from adaptation of ABC system VIEW
Difficulties faced by the industries in the successful implementation of ABC VIEW

 

Bangalore University B.com Notes

Income Tax I

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 Introduction to Income Tax {Book}
Brief history of Indian Income Tax VIEW
Legal Framework:
Types of taxes VIEW
Cannons of taxation VIEW
Definitions:
Assessment, Assessment year, Income, Agricultural income, Assesses, Person, Casual income VIEW
Previous year including exception VIEW
Gross total income, Total income VIEW
Scheme of taxation VIEW
Meaning and Classification of Capital and Revenue VIEW

 

Unit 2 Residential Status {Book}
Residential status of an Individual’s, Determination of Residential status VIEW
Incidence of tax-problems on computation of Gross total Income VIEW

 

Unit 3 Exempted incomes {Book}
Introduction, exempted incomes U/S 10. Only in the hands of individuals VIEW

 

Unit 4 Income from Salary {Book}
Meaning, definitions, basis of charge, Advance salary, Arrears of salary, encashment of earned leave VIEW
All allowances VIEW
Perquisites VIEW
Profits in lieu of salary VIEW
Provident fund VIEW
Gratuity VIEW VIEW
Commutation of pension VIEW
Deductions from salary U/S 16 VIEW
Problems on computation of Salary income VIEW

 

Unit 5 Income from House property {Book}
Income from House property VIEW
Basis of charge VIEW
Deemed owners, Composite rent VIEW
Exempted income from house property VIEW
Annual value VIEW
Determination of Annual value, treatment of unrealized rent, loss due to Vacancy, Deductions from Annual value U/S 24 VIEW
Problems on computation of income from house property VIEW

 

Bangalore University B.com Notes

E-Business & Computerized Accounting

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 E-Business {Book}
Introduction, e-Commerce Definition VIEW
History of e-commerce VIEW
Difference between e-Commerce and e-Business VIEW
e-Commerce v/s Traditional Commerce VIEW
Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities of e-Commerce VIEW
Challenges of e-Commerce VIEW
E-Commerce Business models; B2G, C2G VIEW
B2C VIEW
B2B VIEW
C2B VIEW
C2C VIEW
Types of e-commerce Business Revenue Models VIEW

 

Unit 2 e-Payments Mechanisms {Book}
e-Payment requirements, Meaning, and Importance VIEW
App based e-payment systems VIEW
M-Wallet Payments VIEW
Card based payment Credit card, Debit card and Different types of cards VIEW VIEW
Net Banking VIEW
M-Banking VIEW
NEFT and RTGS VIEW
Cheque Truncation System (CTS) VIEW
Payment through BiT-Coin (Not accepted in INDIA)
Cybercrimes in e-payments VIEW
Risks and Protection in e-payments VIEW
cyber laws and cyber police stations VIEW
Digital signature usage and Legal provisions VIEW
E-payment in Paperless society, Significance VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 3 Introduction of Tally and SAP {Book}
Meaning of Tally software, Features, Advantages VIEW
Required Hardware of Tally software VIEW
Introduction to SAP Meaning, features, configuration advantages and limitations VIEW
SAP in finance, SAP in Marketing, SAP in HR

 

Unit 4 Gateway of Tally {Book}

 

Unit 5 Reports in Tally {Book}

 

Bangalore University B.com Notes

Costing Methods

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2

Unit 1 Job and Batch Costing {Book}
Job Costing: Meaning, prerequisites, Job costing procedures, Features, objectives, applications, advantages and disadvantages of Job costing VIEW
Batch Costing Meaning, Advantages, Disadvantages VIEW
Determination of economic Batch Quantity VIEW
Comparison between Job and Batch Costing VIEW

 

Unit 2 Process costing {Book}
Introduction, meaning and definition, Features of Process Costing VIEW
Comparison between Job costing and Process Costing VIEW
Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Process Costing VIEW
Treatment of normal loss, Abnormal loss and Abnormal gain VIEW
Rejects and Rectification – Joint and by-products costing problems under reverse cost method VIEW

 

Unit 3 Contract Costing {Book}
Meaning, Features, Applications of Contract costing VIEW
Similarities and Dissimilarities between Job and Contract costing VIEW
Procedure of Contract costing VIEW
Profit on incomplete contracts VIEW

 

Unit 4 Operating Costing {Book}
Introduction, Meaning and application of Operating Costing VIEW
Power house costing or Boiler house costing VIEW
Canteen or Hotel costing VIEW
Hospital costing and Transport Costing, Problems VIEW

 

Unit 5 Output Costing {Book}
One Operation (Unit or Output) Costing VIEW
Collection of Costs VIEW
Tenders or Quotations VIEW
Treatment of Scrap VIEW
Production Account VIEW
Difference between a Production Account and a Cost Sheet VIEW

Bangalore University B.com Notes

Advanced Corporate Accounting

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 Holding Company Accounts {Book}
Introduction Meaning of Holding Company VIEW
Introduction Meaning of Subsidiary Company VIEW
Steps, Pre-Acquisition Profits, Post Acquisition Profits VIEW
Minority Interest VIEW
Cost of Control or Capital Reserve VIEW VIEW
Unrealized Profit, Mutual Indebtedness VIEW
Preparation of Consolidated Balance Sheet (As per AS21) under vertical format VIEW

 

Unit 2 Mergers and Acquisition of Companies {Book}
Meaning of Amalgamation and Acquisition VIEW
Types of Amalgamation, Amalgamation in the Nature of Merger & Purchase VIEW
Methods of Purchase Consideration VIEW
Calculation of Purchase Consideration (Ind AS 103) VIEW
Net Asset Method VIEW
Net Payment Method VIEW
Accounting for Amalgamation VIEW
Entries and Ledger Accounts in the Books of Transferor Company and Transferee Company VIEW
Preparation of new Balance sheet. (Vertical Format) (Excluding External Reconstruction) VIEW

 

Unit 3 Internal Reconstruction {Book}
Internal Reconstruction Meaning, Objective, Procedure VIEW
Form of Reduction VIEW
Passing of Journal Entries for Internal Reconstruction VIEW
Preparation of Reconstruction accounts VIEW
Preparation of Balance Sheet after Reconstruction (Vertical Format) VIEW

 

Unit 4 Liquidation of Companies {Book}
Liquidation of Companies Meaning, Types of Liquidation VIEW VIEW VIEW
Order of Payment VIEW
Calculation of Liquidator’s Remuneration VIEW
Preparation of Liquidators Final Statement of Account VIEW

 

Unit 5 Recent Developments in Accounting & Accounting Standard’s {Book}
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Human Resource Accounting VIEW
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Environmental Accounting VIEW
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Sustainability accounting VIEW
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Forensic accounting VIEW
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Public expenditure accounting VIEW
Meaning, Definitions, Characteristics, Functions and Importance of Social Responsibility Accounting VIEW

 

Bangalore University B.com Notes

Corporate Accounting

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes2
Unit 1 Underwriting of Shares {Book}
Underwriting of Shares Meaning VIEW
Underwriting Commission VIEW
Underwriter functions VIEW
Advantages of Underwriting VIEW
Types of Underwriting VIEW
Marked and Unmarked Applications VIEW
Underwriting Process VIEW

 

Unit 2 Redemption of Debentures {Book}
Meaning of Debentures, Types of Debentures VIEW
Distinction between Shares and Debentures VIEW
Issue of Debentures, Over Subscription VIEW
Issue of Debentures for Consideration other than Cash VIEW
Issue of Debentures as a Collateral Security VIEW
Terms of Issue of Debentures VIEW
Interest on Debentures VIEW
Writing off Discount/Loss on Issue of Debentures VIEW
Redemption of Debentures VIEW
Redemption by Payment in Lump Sum, Open Market, Conversion VIEW
Sinking Fund Method VIEW

 

Unit 3 Valuation of Goodwill {Book}
Meaning, Circumstances, Factors of Valuation of Goodwill VIEW
Methods of Valuation of Goodwill:
Average Profit Method of Valuation of Goodwill VIEW
Super Profit Method of Valuation of Goodwill VIEW
Capitalization of Super Profit average Profit Method of Valuation of Goodwill VIEW
Annuity Method of Valuation of Goodwill VIEW
Capitalization of Profit Method VIEW

 

Unit 4 Valuation of Shares {Book}
Meaning, Need for Valuation of Shares VIEW
Factors Affecting Valuation of Shares VIEW
Methods of Valuation:
Intrinsic Value Method of Shares VIEW
Yield Method of Shares VIEW
Earning Capacity Method of Shares VIEW
Fair Value of shares VIEW
Rights Issue VIEW
Valuation of Rights Issue VIEW

 

Unit 5 Company Final Accounts {Book}
Statutory Provisions regarding preparation of Company Final Accounts VIEW
Treatment of Special Items VIEW
Tax deducted at source VIEW
Advance payment of Tax VIEW
Provision for Tax VIEW
Depreciation VIEW
Interest on debentures VIEW
Dividends VIEW
Rules regarding payment of dividends VIEW
Transfer to Reserves VIEW
Preparation of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet in vertical form VIEW

 

Management Notes

Difference between Salary and Wages

indiafreenotesby indiafreenotes0

Salary

Salary is a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis, for the performance of work or services. Unlike wages, which are often calculated on an hourly or weekly basis, salaries provide employees with a consistent and predetermined amount of compensation, regardless of the number of hours worked.

Components:

  1. Base Salary:

The core, fixed amount of money paid to an employee on a regular basis, forming the foundation of the overall salary. Reflects the employee’s role, responsibilities, and experience.

  1. Bonuses:

Additional monetary rewards provided to employees, often based on performance, company profits, or specific achievements. Motivates employees and aligns their efforts with organizational goals.

  1. Allowances:

Supplementary payments intended to cover specific expenses or costs related to the job, such as housing, transportation, or meals. Addresses the financial impact of job-related requirements.

  1. Benefits:

Non-monetary compensation, including healthcare, retirement plans, and other perks, provided to enhance employees’ overall well-being. Contributes to employee satisfaction and work-life balance.

  1. Overtime Pay:

Additional compensation for hours worked beyond the standard workweek, often calculated at a higher rate than the regular hourly pay. Compensates employees for extra effort and time invested in work.

  1. Performance–Based Incentives:

Variable payments linked to individual or team performance, encouraging employees to achieve specific goals or targets. Aligns compensation with results and fosters a performance-driven culture.

  1. Profit Sharing:

Sharing company profits with employees, providing them with a stake in the organization’s financial success. Aligns the interests of employees with the overall success of the business.

  1. Commissions:

Payments based on sales or revenue generated by an employee, common in roles with direct sales responsibilities. Rewards employees for their contribution to revenue generation.

  1. Retirement Benefits:

Contributions made by the employer to retirement plans, such as 401(k) or pension schemes. Supports employees in building financial security for their post-work years.

  • Stock Options:

The right to purchase company stock at a predetermined price, offering employees a share in the company’s ownership. Aligns employees’ interests with the company’s long-term success.

  • Education and Training Support:

Financial assistance provided by the employer for the education and skill development of employees. Promotes continuous learning and professional growth.

  • Health and Wellness Programs:

Initiatives and benefits aimed at promoting employees’ physical and mental well-being. Enhances employee health, productivity, and job satisfaction.

  • Vacation and Leave Benefits:

Paid time off from work, including vacation days, holidays, and other types of leave. Supports work-life balance and employee well-being.

  • Severance Pay:

Compensation provided to employees upon termination of employment, often based on factors like length of service. Offers financial support during transitions and provides a safety net for employees.

  • Other Perquisites (Perks):

Additional benefits or privileges provided to employees, such as company cars, memberships, or flexible work arrangements. Enhances the overall employment experience and contributes to employee satisfaction.

Wages

Wages refer to the compensation paid to an employee for the hours worked or services rendered, often calculated on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis. Unlike salaries, which provide a fixed amount irrespective of hours worked, wages are directly tied to the time spent on the job.

Components:

  1. Hourly Rate:

The amount paid for each hour worked by an employee. Forms the basic unit for calculating wages based on time.

  1. Overtime Pay:

Additional compensation provided for hours worked beyond the standard workweek or regular working hours. Compensates employees for extra effort and time beyond the standard working hours.

  1. Piece-Rate Pay:

Compensation based on the number of units produced or tasks completed. Directly links pay to productivity and output.

  1. Commission:

A percentage of sales or revenue earned by an employee, common in sales roles. Rewards employees based on their contribution to generating business.

  1. Tips and Gratuities:

Additional payments received by employees, often in service industries, as a form of appreciation from customers. Augments income and is often based on customer satisfaction.

  1. Holiday Pay:

Compensation for hours worked on recognized holidays. Encourages employees to work during holiday periods and compensates for the disruption to personal time.

  1. Shift Differentials:

Additional pay for working shifts that fall outside regular daytime hours. Compensates for inconveniences associated with non-standard working hours.

  1. Bonuses (Variable):

Additional payments beyond regular wages, often tied to performance, project completion, or other achievements. Acts as an incentive and recognition for exceptional contributions.

  1. Piecework Bonuses:

Additional payments for meeting or exceeding production targets in piecework arrangements.  Motivates employees to achieve or surpass production goals.

  • Travel Allowances:

Compensation for work-related travel expenses, such as mileage or transportation costs. Addresses additional costs incurred while traveling for work.

  • Uniform or Tool Allowances:

Payments provided to cover the cost of uniforms, tools, or equipment required for the job. Supports employees in meeting job-specific requirements.

  • Incentive Pay:

Additional compensation tied to achieving specific targets, often related to productivity or efficiency. Encourages employees to meet or exceed performance expectations.

  • Danger Pay:

Additional compensation for employees working in hazardous conditions or environments. Recognizes the risks associated with certain jobs.

  • Call-out Pay:

Compensation for employees called in to work outside their regular schedule, often applicable to on-call positions. Compensates for the inconvenience of being available on short notice.

  • Benefits (Limited):

Some wage-related benefits, such as health insurance or retirement contributions, may be provided, but to a lesser extent compared to salary packages. Enhances the overall compensation package, albeit on a more limited scale compared to salaried positions.

Difference between Salary and Wages

Basis of Comparison

 Salary

Wages
Payment Frequency Monthly Hourly or Weekly
Consistency Fixed, stable Variable, fluctuates
Calculation Basis Annual rate / 12 Hourly rate x Hours worked
Overtime Compensation Typically included Paid separately
Employment Level Often for salaried employees Common for hourly workers
Work Hours Impact Irrelevant to pay Directly affects earnings
Benefits Often includes benefits Limited or no benefits
Professional Positions Common for white-collar jobs Common for blue-collar jobs
Skill-Based Reflects skills and qualifications Often skill-independent
Administrative Work Common for managerial roles Common for administrative roles
Unionization Less common for unionized jobs Common in unionized settings
Job Complexity Reflects job responsibilities May not directly reflect complexity
Job Stability Generally perceived as stable Can be influenced by job market
Performance Impact Less direct impact on pay Directly impacts pay through hours
Perception in Society Often associated with higher status May not carry the same status

error: Content is protected !!