Entrepreneurship and Family Business-II LU BBA 6th Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 [Book]

Understanding Women Entrepreneurship: Concept, Evaluation, Importance and Functions of women entrepreneurship VIEW
Topologies and categories of women entrepreneur VIEW
Entrepreneurship as a Career Option VIEW
Entrepreneurial Leadership VIEW
Types of New Ventures VIEW
Tax implications of various forms of Ventures VIEW
Procedures for Setting up a Business in India VIEW
Creativity and Innovation VIEW VIEW
Bottlenecks to Creativity and innovation VIEW
Disruptive Technology and Generating commercial value from Innovation VIEW
Unit 2 [Book]
Entrepreneurship and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): VIEW
Patents VIEW VIEW
Trademarks VIEW VIEW
Copyrights VIEW VIEW
Business Plan: Purpose and Contents of a Business Plan VIEW
VIEW
Marketing Plan: VIEW
Need for Marketing Research VIEW VIEW
Industry Analysis VIEW
Competitor Analysis VIEW VIEW
Market Segmentation VIEW VIEW
Target Markets VIEW VIEW
Market Positioning VIEW VIEW
Marketing Mix VIEW VIEW
Marketing Plan VIEW
Market Strategy VIEW
Unit 3 [Book]
Family genogram, Developing Business family genogram VIEW
Using the genogram to identify family scripts and themes VIEW
Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Systems (understanding Family Cohesion and Family Flexibility) VIEW
Application of Circumplex Model VIEW
Clinical Rating Scale and Developing Circumplex Model VIEW
Unit 4 [Book]
Vrie’s Five Critical phases of Change (Concern, Crisis, Confrontation, Crystallization and Change) VIEW
A model of individual change VIEW
The Process of Change within Family Enterprises VIEW
Understanding the change process in families VIEW

Financial Institutions LU BBA 5th Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Introduction to Financial Institutions [Book]
Introduction to Financial Institutions VIEW
Financial System VIEW
Classification of Financial Institutions VIEW VIEW
Nature and Role of Financial institutions VIEW
Functions of Financial Institutions VIEW

 

Unit 2 Regulatory Structure of Financial Institutions [Book]
Regulatory Structure of Financial Institutions VIEW
SEBI Powers, Role and Functions VIEW
RBI Powers, Role and Functions VIEW VIEW
Role of IRDAI VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 3 Commercial Banks [Book]
Management of Commercial Banks VIEW
Objectives, Functions of Commercial Banks VIEW
Organizational setup of Commercial Banks VIEW
Management of Deposits of Commercial Banks VIEW
Mobilization of Funds of Commercial Banks VIEW
Management of Cash position & Liquidity VIEW VIEW
Nature & Functions of Primary & Secondary Reserves, Considerations influencing reserves VIEW
Management of loan, Advance & other investments Management of income, Prudential norms VIEW
VIEW
Asset-Liability Management in Commercial Banks VIEW

 

Unit 4 Management of Non-Banking Financial Institutions [Book]
Concept, Objectives, Nature, Function NBFI VIEW VIEW
Promotional role of NBFI, Management of fund VIEW
Changing role of NBFI in present environment VIEW
Policies & practices regarding mobilization & Management of funds in NBFCs, their performance VIEW
Types & Functions of Mutual funds, Their Legal & Accounting aspects VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Investment & marketing Strategies of mutual funds VIEW VIEW
Performance review of Mutual funds currently in India VIEW

Business Policy & Strategic Management-I LU BBA 5th Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Business policy [Book]
Introduction & Concept of Strategy VIEW
Corporate Policy as a field of study VIEW
Nature, Importance of Business policy VIEW
Purpose and Objective of Business policy VIEW
Chief Executive job VIEW VIEW
Roles and responsibilities of board of Directors VIEW
An overview of Strategic management, its Nature VIEW
Strategic management process VIEW
Formulation of strategy VIEW
Environment, environment scanning VIEW VIEW
Environment appraisal VIEW
Identifying Corporate Competence & Resource VIEW
VIEW

 

Unit 2 Corporate Strategy [Book]
Corporate Strategy VIEW VIEW
Personal and Ethical Values VIEW VIEW
Business ethics VIEW VIEW
Industry structure VIEW VIEW
Reconciling Divergent values VIEW
Modification of values VIEW
Moral Components of corporate strategy VIEW
Community considerations VIEW
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 3 [Book]
Corporate Portfolio Analysis VIEW
Competitor Analysis VIEW VIEW
SWOT analysis VIEW
Strategic Audit & Choice VIEW VIEW
Strategic plan VIEW
Routes to Sustainable Competitive advantage (SCA) VIEW
VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
Strategy Implementation VIEW
Structural Implementation VIEW VIEW
Organisational Design and change VIEW VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Behavioral implementation VIEW VIEW
Leadership VIEW VIEW
Corporate Culture VIEW VIEW
Corporate Politics and use of power VIEW VIEW
VIEW
Functional Implementation: Financial, Marketing VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Operation Personnel (HR) Policies and their integration VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Strategic Evaluation and Control VIEW
VIEW VIEW

Entrepreneurship and Family Business-I LU BBA 5th Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Entrepreneurship [Book]
The evolution of the Concept of entrepreneurship VIEW
John Kao’s Model on Entrepreneurship VIEW
Entrepreneurship Meaning VIEW
Entrepreneurship Objective VIEW
Idea Generation VIEW
Identifying opportunities and Evaluation VIEW VIEW
Building the Team / Leadership VIEW VIEW
Strategic planning for business VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 2 [Book]
Stimulating Creativity VIEW VIEW VIEW
Organisational actions that enhance/Hinder creativity VIEW
Managerial responsibilities VIEW
Creative Teams VIEW VIEW
Sources of Innovation in Business VIEW VIEW
Managing Organizations for Innovation and Positive Creativity VIEW
VIEW

 

Unit 3 Social Entrepreneurship [Book]
Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship, Characteristics VIEW VIEW
Role of Social Entrepreneurs VIEW
Innovation and Entrepreneurship in a Social Context VIEW
Start-Up and Early Stage Venture VIEW VIEW
Business Strategies and Scaling up VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 4 [Book]
The Entrepreneur; Role and personality VIEW VIEW
Family Business Concept, Structure and Kinds of family firms VIEW
Culture and evolution of family firm VIEW
Financing The Entrepreneurial Business VIEW VIEW
Arrangement of funds VIEW
Traditional sources of financing VIEW VIEW
Loan Syndication VIEW
Consortium Finance VIEW
Role played by commercial banks VIEW VIEW

Quantitative Techniques-II LU BBA 4th Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Differential Calculus: {Book} No Update

 

Unit 2 Integral Calculus {Book} No Update

 

Unit 3 Probability {Book}
Probability Definition VIEW
Objective and Subjective Approaches VIEW
Addition and Multiplication theorem of probability VIEW
Conditional probability VIEW
Baye’s theorem VIEW
Probability distribution VIEW
Binominal Distribution VIEW
Poisson Distribution VIEW
Normal Distribution VIEW

 

Unit 4 {Book}
Sampling VIEW
Sampling Distribution VIEW
Sampling Process VIEW
Sampling Techniques:
Probability Sampling VIEW
Non-Probability Sampling VIEW
Sample Size Decision VIEW
Hypothesis VIEW VIEW
Null Hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis VIEW VIEW
Type-I & Type-II Errors VIEW
Hypothesis Testing: Z-Test & T-Test VIEW VIEW

Computer & IT Applications-II LU BBA 3rd Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 {Book} Practical Knowledge, No Update

 

Unit 2 {Book} Practical Knowledge, No Update

 

Unit 3 {Book} Practical Knowledge, No Update

 

Unit 4 Database {Book}
Introduction to Database VIEW
Database Management System VIEW
Database Models VIEW
Type of Databases VIEW
Introduction to MS-Access VIEW
Creation of database tables, Data types VIEW
Basic query and report generation VIEW

HR5.5 Performance Management

Unit 1 Introduction to Performance Management [Book]  
Performance Management VIEW VIEW
Performance Evaluation VIEW
Evolution of Performance Management VIEW
Definitions and Differentiation of Terms Related to Performance Management VIEW
What a Performance Management System Should Do VIEW
**Pre-Requisites of Performance Management VIEW
Importance of Performance Management VIEW
Linkage of Performance Management to Other HR Processes VIEW

 

Unit 2 Process of Performance Management [Book]  
Overview of Performance Management Process VIEW VIEW
Performance Management Process VIEW
Performance Management Planning Process VIEW
Mid-cycle Review Process, End-cycle Review Process VIEW
Performance Management Cycle at a Glance VIEW

 

Unit 3 Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Documentation [Book]  
The Need for Structure and Documentation VIEW
Manager’s, Employee’s Responsibility in Performance Planning Mechanics and Documentation VIEW
Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Creation of PM Document: VIEW
Performance Appraisal: Definitions and Dimensions of PA, Limitations VIEW
Purpose of Performance Appraisal and Arguments against Performance Appraisal, Importance of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Characteristics of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Performance Appraisal Process VIEW

 

Unit 4 Performance Appraisal Methods [Book]  
Performance Appraisal Methods VIEW
Traditional Methods, Modern Methods, 360 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal 720 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal of Bureaucrats; A New Approach VIEW

 

Unit 5 Issues in Performance Management [Book]  
Issues in Performance Management VIEW
Role of Line Managers in Performance Management VIEW
Performance Management and Reward Concepts VIEW
Linking Performance to Pay a Simple System Using Pay Band VIEW
Linking Performance to Total Reward VIEW
Challenges of Linking Performance and Reward VIEW
Facilitation of Performance Management System through Automation VIEW
Ethics in Performance Appraisal VIEW

Visual Merchandising, Principles, Strategies, Significance, Challenges, Trends

Visual Merchandising is a powerful and dynamic aspect of retail that involves the strategic presentation of products and the overall store environment to engage customers and enhance the shopping experience. It goes beyond the arrangement of products on shelves to encompass a holistic approach that considers aesthetics, branding, and customer psychology.

Visual merchandising is a dynamic and influential aspect of the retail landscape, contributing to the overall success of a store by shaping the customer experience, reinforcing brand identity, and driving sales. Embracing principles such as balance, storytelling, and color psychology, retailers can create visually stunning environments that resonate with customers on both emotional and practical levels. Strategic use of window displays, in-store arrangements, digital integration, and seasonal themes enhances the store’s appeal and keeps it relevant in a competitive market.

As retail continues to evolve, the role of visual merchandising remains paramount in capturing the attention of today’s discerning consumers. By staying attuned to market trends, incorporating sustainable practices, and embracing innovative technologies, retailers can create memorable and immersive shopping experiences that foster customer loyalty and set their brand apart in a visually saturated marketplace. Visual merchandising is not just about arranging products; it’s an art form that transforms retail spaces into compelling and inviting destinations, making every visit a unique and delightful experience for customers.

Principles of Visual Merchandising:

  • Balance and Harmony:

Visual merchandising aims to create a sense of balance and harmony in the store environment. This involves the strategic placement of products and displays to ensure that the overall visual composition is appealing and not overwhelming. Achieving balance enhances the aesthetic appeal of the space and contributes to a positive customer experience.

  • Focal Points:

Creating focal points within the store draws the customer’s attention to specific areas or products. These points serve as visual anchors and are strategically designed to guide the customer’s gaze. Focal points can be achieved through eye-catching displays, innovative product arrangements, or thematic elements that stand out amidst the surrounding environment.

  • Color Psychology:

Colors evoke emotions and influence customer behavior. Visual merchandisers leverage color psychology to create specific atmospheres within the store. For example, warm colors like red and orange can stimulate energy and excitement, while cool colors like blue and green evoke a sense of calm. Consistent color schemes contribute to brand identity and help establish a cohesive visual language.

  • Storytelling through Merchandising:

Visual merchandising is a storytelling tool that communicates the brand’s narrative to customers. By arranging products in a narrative sequence or thematic display, retailers can convey a lifestyle or a specific message. This storytelling approach engages customers on an emotional level, fostering a connection between the brand and the consumer.

  • Seasonal and Trend Integration:

Adapting visual merchandising to reflect seasonal changes and current trends keeps the store dynamic and relevant. Seasonal displays and trend-driven arrangements not only capture customer interest but also convey that the store is attuned to the evolving preferences of its clientele.

Strategies for Effective Visual Merchandising:

  1. Window Displays:

Window displays are a crucial component of visual merchandising, serving as the first point of contact between the store and potential customers. A well-designed window display captures attention, communicates the brand’s identity, and entices passersby to enter the store. Seasonal themes, storytelling, and innovative product arrangements are commonly employed in window displays.

  • Planograms:

Planograms are visual representations of how products should be arranged on shelves and displays. They ensure a cohesive and organized presentation of merchandise, making it easy for customers to navigate the store. Planograms consider factors such as product categories, spacing, and promotional areas, contributing to a visually pleasing and shopper-friendly environment.

  • In-Store Displays:

Strategically placed in-store displays can highlight specific products, promotions, or thematic collections. Endcaps, freestanding displays, and interactive installations are effective in catching the customer’s eye and encouraging exploration. These displays contribute to a dynamic and engaging shopping experience.

  • Digital Integration:

Incorporating digital elements into visual merchandising adds a modern and interactive dimension to the retail environment. Digital signage, interactive screens, and augmented reality (AR) displays can provide additional product information, showcase virtual try-ons, and offer immersive brand experiences. This integration aligns with the expectations of tech-savvy consumers.

  • Lighting Techniques:

Lighting is a powerful tool in visual merchandising, influencing the ambiance and highlighting specific areas or products. Well-executed lighting enhances the visibility of merchandise, contributes to the store’s overall atmosphere, and creates a sense of drama or focus. Considerations include the intensity, color temperature, and direction of lighting.

  • Seasonal Decor and Themes:

Adapting the store’s visual elements to reflect seasons, holidays, or specific themes adds a dynamic and festive touch. Seasonal decor not only keeps the store environment fresh and exciting but also encourages repeat visits from customers anticipating new and themed displays.

Significance of Visual Merchandising:

  • Enhanced Customer Experience:

Visual merchandising plays a pivotal role in shaping the customer experience. A well-designed and aesthetically pleasing store environment contributes to a positive and memorable shopping journey. Engaging displays, thoughtful arrangements, and a visually appealing ambiance create a sense of excitement and satisfaction for customers.

  • Brand Identity and Recognition:

Consistent visual merchandising reinforces brand identity and helps customers recognize and connect with a brand. From color schemes to thematic elements, the visual language employed in merchandising communicates the essence of the brand. This recognition fosters brand loyalty and encourages repeat business.

  • Increased Sales and Impulse Purchases:

Strategic visual merchandising has a direct impact on sales. Eye-catching displays, well-organized product arrangements, and effective signage influence customer behavior and purchasing decisions. By creating an environment that encourages exploration and showcases products effectively, retailers can stimulate impulse purchases and increase overall sales.

  • Differentiation in a Competitive Market:

In a saturated retail landscape, visual merchandising serves as a key differentiator. A unique and visually appealing store sets a brand apart from competitors and attracts attention. Creativity in presentation, innovative displays, and a curated aesthetic contribute to a distinctive brand image that resonates with customers.

  • Adaptability to Market Trends:

Visual merchandising allows retailers to stay agile and adapt to changing market trends. Whether incorporating seasonal themes, aligning with cultural events, or responding to emerging consumer preferences, a flexible visual merchandising strategy ensures that the store remains relevant and resonates with the target audience.

Challenges in Visual Merchandising:

  • Consistency across Channels:

Maintaining consistency in visual merchandising across physical stores, online platforms, and other channels can be challenging. Achieving a unified brand image requires coordination and attention to detail.

  • Balancing Innovation and Brand Identity:

Striking a balance between innovative displays and adherence to brand identity can be a challenge. While creativity is essential, it should align with the overarching brand message.

Trends in Visual Merchandising:

  • Sustainability in Merchandising:

Increasing consumer awareness of sustainability has led to a trend in eco-friendly visual merchandising. Use of recyclable materials, minimalistic displays, and emphasis on sustainable practices align with contemporary values.

  • Interactive and Immersive Experiences:

Retailers are increasingly incorporating interactive and immersive experiences into visual merchandising. Augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and interactive displays create engaging environments for customers.

  • Personalization:

Customizing visual displays based on customer data and preferences enhances the personalization of the shopping experience. Tailoring displays to specific customer segments contributes to a more targeted and effective strategy.

Influencing Customers through Visual Merchandising:

  • Window Displays

Window displays serve as the first point of engagement for potential customers. Creative, thematic, and eye-catching displays can attract passersby into the store. They set the tone for the brand and hint at what’s to come inside.

  • Store Layout and Flow

A well-thought-out store layout guides customers through the space, ensuring they encounter key products and displays. The layout should facilitate a logical and enjoyable shopping experience, encouraging exploration and discovery.

  • Product Grouping

Grouping related products together, known as “product storytelling,” can inspire customers to purchase additional items that complement their initial choice. This approach can also help in highlighting new collections or promoting seasonal items.

  • Lighting

Effective lighting highlights products, creates ambiance, and directs customers’ attention to key areas within the store. Different lighting techniques can be used to accentuate certain products or create a particular mood that aligns with the brand image.

  • Color Psychology

Colors can significantly influence consumer behavior and emotional responses. Using colors effectively in visual merchandising can attract attention, evoke emotions, and impact buying decisions. For instance, red can create a sense of urgency, while blue can evoke trust.

  • Signage and Graphics

Clear, coherent, and branded signage and graphics can communicate key information, guide customers through the store, and reinforce brand identity. Effective signage enhances the shopping experience by making it easier for customers to find what they need.

  • Interactive Displays

Incorporating interactive elements, such as touch screens, QR codes, or augmented reality, can engage customers more deeply, providing them with additional product information, and creating a memorable shopping experience.

  • Sensory Experiences

Engaging multiple senses through visual merchandising can enhance the customer experience. This includes not just visual elements, but also tactile experiences (e.g., product textures), scents, and sounds that align with the brand and product offering.

  • Seasonality and Trends

Updating visual merchandising elements to reflect seasonal changes, holidays, and current trends keeps the retail environment fresh and relevant. This not only attracts repeat visits but also signals to customers that the brand is up-to-date and responsive to consumer needs.

  • Cross-Merchandising

Placing complementary products from different categories together can encourage additional purchases. For example, displaying accessories near clothing items suggests complete outfits, increasing the likelihood of multiple item purchases.

  • Focal Points

Creating focal points within the store draws attention to specific products or promotions. This can be achieved through strategic product placement, distinct lighting, or unique displays.

  • Personalization

Tailoring visual merchandising strategies to the target audience ensures that the presentation resonates with the intended demographic. Understanding customer preferences and behaviors allows for more effective and personalized visual communication.

MK&HR2 Performance Management

Unit 1 Introduction to Performance Management [Book]
Performance Management VIEW VIEW
Performance Evaluation VIEW
Evolution of Performance Management VIEW
Definitions and Differentiation of Terms Related to Performance Management VIEW
What a Performance Management System Should Do VIEW
**Pre-Requisites of Performance Management VIEW
Importance of Performance Management VIEW
Linkage of Performance Management to Other HR Processes VIEW

 

Unit 2 Process of Performance Management [Book]
Overview of Performance Management Process VIEW VIEW
Performance Management Process VIEW
Performance Management Planning Process VIEW
Mid-cycle Review Process, End-cycle Review Process VIEW
Performance Management Cycle at a Glance VIEW

 

Unit 3 Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Documentation [Book]
The Need for Structure and Documentation VIEW
Manager’s, Employee’s Responsibility in Performance Planning Mechanics and Documentation VIEW
Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Creation of PM Document: VIEW
Performance Appraisal: Definitions and Dimensions of PA, Limitations VIEW
Purpose of Performance Appraisal and Arguments against Performance Appraisal, Importance of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Characteristics of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Performance Appraisal Process VIEW

 

Unit 4 Performance Appraisal Methods [Book]
Performance Appraisal Methods VIEW
Traditional Methods, Modern Methods, 360 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal 720 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal of Bureaucrats; A New Approach VIEW

 

Unit 5 Issues in Performance Management [Book]
Issues in Performance Management VIEW
Role of Line Managers in Performance Management VIEW
Performance Management and Reward Concepts VIEW
Linking Performance to Pay a Simple System Using Pay Band VIEW
Linking Performance to Total Reward VIEW
Challenges of Linking Performance and Reward VIEW
Facilitation of Performance Management System through Automation VIEW
Ethics in Performance Appraisal VIEW

Income Tax – 1

Unit 1 Introduction to Income Tax [Book]  
Brief history of Indian Income Tax VIEW
Legal Framework:  
Types of taxes VIEW
Cannons of taxation VIEW
Definitions:  
Assessment, Assessment year, Income, Agricultural income, Assesses, Person, Casual income VIEW
Previous year including exception VIEW
Gross total income, Total income VIEW
Scheme of Taxation VIEW
Meaning and Classification of Capital and Revenue VIEW

 

Unit 2 Residential Status [Book]  
Residential status of an Individual’s, Determination of Residential status VIEW
Incidence of tax-problems on computation of Gross total Income VIEW

 

Unit 3 Exempted incomes [Book]  
Introduction, exempted incomes U/S 10. Only in the hands of individuals VIEW

 

Unit 4 Income from Salary [Book]  
Meaning, definitions, Basis of charge, Advance salary, Arrears of salary, encashment of earned leave VIEW
All allowances VIEW
Perquisites VIEW
Profits in lieu of salary VIEW
Provident fund VIEW
Gratuity VIEW VIEW
Commutation of pension VIEW
Deductions from salary U/S 16 VIEW
Problems on computation of Salary income VIEW

 

Unit 5 Income from House property [Book]  
Income from House property VIEW
Basis of charge VIEW
Deemed owners, Composite rent VIEW
Exempted income from house property VIEW
Annual value VIEW
Determination of Annual value, treatment of unrealized rent, loss due to vacancy, deductions from Annual value U/S 24 VIEW
Problems on computation of income from house property VIEW
error: Content is protected !!