Stages and Decision Makers in Event Management

The recent growth in Events as an industry around the world means that the management of events can no longer be ad hoc. The industry now includes events of all sizes from the Olympic down to arranging breakfast meeting for ten business people. Business event management is the practice of incorporating business logic into labeling events, communicating events and handling events. As such, business event management requires a profound interaction and cooperation among business stakeholders as well as the event management in order to meet out the prioritized needs of the stakeholders. Because of the difference between the perspectives of the individuals involved, insignificant events/perspectives can result in significant or serious potentials for business loss, damage to reputation or customer relationships or impacts on productivity and earnings have a profound impact on the bottom-line.

Management of an event encompasses all activities involved in planning, organizing, leading, staffing and evaluation of an event. Thus, it involves groundwork associated with events, i.e.,

  • Venue selection
  • Stage design
  • Infrastructural facilities
  • Liason with artists/performers
  • Logistics plan etc.

Event management is considered as one of the strategic marketing and communication tools by companies of all sizes. From product launches to press conferences, companies create promotional events to help them communicate with clients and potential clients. They might target their audience by using the news media, hoping to generate media coverage which will reach thousands or millions of people. They can also invite their audience to their events and reach out to them at the event.

Unlike planning for public events, after the initial concept or idea for an event has germinated, its feasibility is evaluated and then the activities are substantiated by actions. Event management is the application of the management practice of project management to the creation and development of events. It involves the following:

  • Identifying target audience
  • Feasibility studies
  • Planning
  • Co-ordination
  • Executing the modalities of the proposed event

Event management requires strong organizational, budgeting and creative skills. Those who work as event managers must be comfortable with interacting with all levels of individuals inside and outside of their organization. Event management is the process beyond planning, executing and evaluating corporate, associations, non-profit organizations, government and social events.

Event Planning Staff

Nobody has unlimited time in the day, and a corporate event planner cannot be in two places at the same time. Having support staff available is essential for a successful event. Remember that when assigning the following tasks, it is your responsibility to work with team members to create individual project deadlines so that you can manage the timeline and optimally use your available resources. These team members are responsible for tasks such as:

  • Ensuring presentation technology is functioning
  • Working with venue staff to provide food and other amenities
  • Registering event participants
  • Coordinating lodging and transportation for participants and presenters
  • Preparing information packets and setup/takedown of the event materials

Attendees

You can’t have a successful corporate event without participants. The more engaged they are before, during, and after the event, the higher the chance of success for all involved stakeholders. Bear this in mind as you plan the agenda and schedule learning events. Incorporate a variety of sessions to keep people engaged and consider one or more experiential events. Start engaging attendees in the days and weeks before the event to generate excitement and maintain the momentum you’ve built by investing time into planning a reinforcement and measurement strategy for after the event concludes.

Corporate event planning is no small task. Even a single-day company event can take months of careful planning and a tight-knit team to successfully execute. Form your team early to ensure faster decision-making and greater buy-in from all the key stakeholders throughout the process.

Stages in Event Management

Determine Event Objectives

This stage sets the groundwork for the entire event and is typically directed by senior leadership. If the annual gala goals for this year are vague, work together to create key objectives to ensure your donors and attendees feel engaged as a result of the event.

  • Create/define event objectives
  • Select your audience
  • Determine your budget
  • Assemble your event team

Choose Event Partners

Some events can be created, directed, and executed entirely with your in-house staff. Other events will require venue management, stage directors, catering staff, publicity coordination, and more.

  • Select necessary partners to augment your event team
  • Choose an appropriate venue
  • Set a date
  • Design the overall experience
  • Create a communication plan; invitations, programs, media relations, etc.

Create Event Content

While the logistics of event planning are important for obvious reasons, the content of the event is critical for creating a meaningful experience rather than “just another event.” Revisit your defined event objectives and work with your internal staff and chosen event partners to create truly inspiring content that speaks to the audience while helping meet the event objectives.

  • Confirm key performers; musicians, speakers, VIPs
  • Create video elements to enhance the content, considering what you might want to use for post-event material
  • Implement a communication plan or plans
  • Finalize all event details

Execute the Event

Host an amazing and engaging event that connects, inspires, and energizes donors. With the right partners and with so much work done ahead of time you can relax a bit and ensure your audience is enjoying the event.

  • Greet the guests as they arrive
  • Monitor the venue; room temperature, beverages, any safety concerns
  • Assess the audience; interest, engagement, enjoyment

Develop Post-Event Materials

Many events end as soon as they are over, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Well-designed roadshow tools can help the meaningful experience live beyond the event itself. Determine the most effective way for your team to maximize the resources and materials you’ve created for the event.

  • Excerpt of event video for guests who couldn’t attend
  • Roadshow video for small group presentations
  • Personalized impact stories for website

Decision-Makers

Depending on the scope of the event and the size of the organization, there will most likely be one or more executives involved in laying the groundwork. It is important to understand what their thoughts are on the business goals associated with the event, the budget, the agenda, and so on. Some of the responsibilities that executive decision-makers have during planning are:

  • Determining the overall budget for the event
  • Determining the business objectives, theme, and tone of the event
  • Vetting the speakers and activities
  • Approving major expenditures
  • Participating in development of the agenda
  • Making crucial decisions throughout the planning process
  • Not only participating in and championing the event itself but also the activities pre and post to set the tone

Establishing Policies and Procedures of an Event

Organization’s environment to determine whether important assets are in the state they should be, and knowing when that state changes, is a very important activity that many organizations spend significant portions of their budget doing.

Event management, while useful, can be dangerous if not done appropriately. In the “ITIL Service Operation” book several policies are given to guide an event management process. In this post I will discuss the importance of those policies.

Event Notifications Should be Sent Only to Those Responsible for Action

Events that are sent to people who are unable to, or do not need to take action are somewhat worthless. Event management is a process that helps a service provider understand changes in state throughout their IT environment. The only people who need to be aware of those changes in state are those who are responsible for some kind of action related to that change in state.

Event Management and Support Should be Centralized as Much as Possible

In my experience I have seen that smaller organizations, and organizations up to a certain size, are able to effectively conduct event management in a decentralized way. However, as the organization grows, so does the need for event management. This growth typically drives a growth in monitoring tools, with different groups monitoring things different ways. Ultimately what happens is through monitoring the organization accidentally does a denial of service attack against itself. Additionally, centralized event management means that the organization is more clearly able to define accountability and responsibility for the handling of specific event. Furthermore, decentralized event management, as mentioned earlier, leads to a proliferation of tools, which tends to mean the organization is investing in multiple tools that do the same things, with none of them being fully utilized.

Events Should Utilize a Common Set of Messaging and Logging Standards

An organization doesn’t have to become very large before the body of events becomes overwhelming. When those events all have different formats and structures and say different things (or the same things in different ways), it can be very difficult to effectively filter, correlate and take action on the body of events an organization faces.

Event Handling Should be Automated When Possible

Effective automation tends to speed up the handling of events, whereas if an event management process relies exclusively on humans to respond to events, the wealth of events will quickly overwhelm human processing power, resulting in events being missed or their handling being delayed.

Events Should have Standard Classification Schemes and Escalation Procedures

In other words, a service provider should know what to do with the events that it generates. Not only is it pointless to send an event to someone who is unable to take action on it, it is equally foolish to send an event to an operational team without effective instructions for how to handle that event. This results in events being ignored, which ultimately results in important events being missed.

All Recognized Events Should be Captured and Logged

If something is important enough to consider an event, then the organization must take steps to ensure that that event is predictably and consistently captured and logged. If events are not predictably captured and logged, then it is very difficult to rely on those events as triggers for automated activities within the organization’s IT environment.

Procedures

Organize a Team

No matter the size, a special event takes a concerted team effort to handle all of the details. Where possible, the Trustee(s) involved with the school and/or activity should be invited to participate on the planning committee. Depending on the type and scope of your event, you may consider identifying an Event Manager or Event Chair as well as individual Chairpersons for subcommittees, such as:

  • Venue, logistics & catering management (selection, contracts, permits, insurance, etc.)
  • Guest management (invitations, RSVPs, greeters, registration, seating arrangements, etc.)
  • Speakers/presenters (selecting, confirming, logistics, management, etc.)
  • Activities/entertainment
  • Publicity/promotion (Web presence, events calendars, printed programs, media relations,
  • signage, social media, etc.)
  • Sponsor/partner management
  • Transportation (if providing transport for guests, students, etc.)
  • Volunteer management

Create a Master Plan

Work as a committee to create a master plan and event outline, incorporating all of the potential areas identified above. This plan will be used to manage the work being done and an outline of just the key details can be used to inform stakeholders as needed.

Create a run-of-show document if needed, outlining the expected timing and any requirements for each session or activity, including required setup, starting and ending times, staging directions, presenter/lead, audiovisual and production needs, etc.

Establish a Budget

Identify the available budget for your event, including internal and external sources for each of the potential expenses as part of the master plan. Create a balance sheet listing expenses for all functional areas of your meeting or event, and determine which expenses will be assumed by the host, potential sponsors, and/or by the attendees (fee).

If you are hosting a revenue-generating (fundraising) event, you will want to identify your break-even point (the point at which the revenue generated at the event is sufficient to cover the expenses of hosting the event).

Budget items to consider:

  • Staff time
  • Marketing expenses (design fees, printing, postage, etc.)
  • Transportation
  • Venue
  • Guest accommodations (if applicable)
  • Food and beverage
  • Entertainment and recreation
  • Audiovisual equipment and production costs
  • Security (CCSD School Police, etc.)
  • Special needs (interpreters, etc.)
  • Taxes and gratuities, service charges, etc.
  • Contingency fund for unanticipated, last minute expenses.

Determine Venue/Location

When planning an event it is important to be aware of how to create an event that is open and accessible to everyone. This can include finding a space that is safe and considerate of a wide range of abilities and considering visual, hearing, and physical accessibility to meeting areas and facilities.

No facility will look the same in-person as it does on paper, nor will you be able to get a sense of service without going to the site. If time allows, plan to visit the site and take pictures to help you block out the location of key items (catering, check-in table, seating arrangements, podium location, parking, etc.).

Identify and Establish Partnerships & Sponsors

Consider whether there are organizations that you could partner with or call on for sponsorships to defray the costs and increase potential participation. When you involve other people or groups in your event, they have a stake in helping spread the word and making the event a success.

You may want to consider:

  • Seeking corporate sponsors to fund a portion of the event. This can range from large to small local businesses that might be able to provide goods or services, such as catering, flowers for the tables, raffle prizes, etc.
  • Partnering with community organizations that might be able to offer a venue and/or assistance with organizing or staffing an event.
  • Soliciting donations/sponsorships from key individuals involved with the school, such as the namesake, PTA/PTO committee, etc.

Create a Communications Plan

If you have ample lead time, effective planning, creativity, and willing volunteers or staff, you can promote your event with little or no cost.

Even with the most amazing speaker or entertainment line-up, you will need to promote your event to get people in the door. Event promotion may include:

  • Invitations
  • Web site story and/or banner (School and/or CCSD as appropriate)
  • Newsletter/enewsletter
  • Email announcement(s)
  • Flyers/posters
  • Direct mail
  • Social media (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube, Flickr, etc.)
  • Registering on a variety of online calendars, such as City, Chamber of Commerce, Rotary Club, etc.

5C’s of event

Event management and event planning requires a few skills for success. Qualities such as attention to detail, creativity, patience and strategic thinking all come in to play at multiple points throughout the process. Therefore, it’s important to approach event management with a solid plan that helps you navigate the (sometimes) rocky road and emerge out of the other side relatively unscathed, bathed in the glory of a successful event.

Conceptualization: It is a first step in vent planning. in this phase, there are five important question one should ask- WHO are the people involved in this event?

    WHEN is the vent taking place?

    WHERE is the event happening?

    WHAT exactly is the event all about?

    WHY is the event taking place?

Cost: to prepare a budget for an event we have to keep in mind the cost limit set by the client. It is very important to know about the funds available and the expenses for the event.

Canvassing: To inform the guest about the event so they can make their schedule free to participate in the event. Canvassing in event management also include sponsorship, raising funds and advertisements.

Customizing: In customizing, the main focus is on the clients request and organised an event which matches their requirement.

Carrying out: In this phase, we have to execute an entire plan. It brings all planning into action. This plan is re-evaluated according to the client requirements, budgets limit and external conditions before the plan is completed.

Event Management Staff

The work involved in planning, organising and conducting a major event can be sufficiently great to require the recruitment of a large team of people. Members of the team may be involved on a full-time, part-time, contractor, casual and voluntary basis. At the head of the team is the Event Director whose job it is to keep everyone working together for a considerable period of time.

Organisation Chart

The organisation chart below indicates the magnitude and diversity of the team needed to run a major sporting event such as a National or State Championships.

Smaller events will obviously require a much smaller team, and individuals in the team may be able to take on more than one role.

The example organisation chart above has “departments” for Programme, Venue, Equipment, Promotions, Officials, Hospitality and Merchandising.

Furthermore, with small modifications, the same organisation structure could be applicable to running a different type of event such as a conference.

Importance of Coordinators

An important aspect of the above model is that each department has a coordinator. As exceptionally important people in the event management team, they should be identified and recruited as early as possible. Coordinators should be a part of the organising committee and collectively they will share in decision making processes with the Event Director.

The selection of coordinators is usually on the basis of knowledge or expertise and sometimes because only one person volunteers for the task. Whether coordinators have expertise or not, Event Directors need to appreciate that sport and recreation depends very considerably on the input of voluntary persons. Therefore, systems should be put in place to recognise the contribution of volunteers and to provide non-monetary rewards.

Essentials

One of the most pivotal factors for effective functioning of an event management company is cohesive and productive working of the staff members. It is important for the event manager to use his staff in the right direction to successfully carry out an event. The weight of staff management is escalated significantly in the event management industry. Efficient staff management can get an event company to deliver to their potential. It will contribute to the success in the events and also cement the foundations of the organization for further events. Following are some tips to maintain the right atmosphere in the company and manage the staff well.

  1. Know your team

For any event to bloom to its potential, the event planner needs to know his team and the staff working under him. A good connection with the staff will help with communication and effective delivery of targets.

  1. Choose the right candidate

The event manager needs to employ the right candidate for the right kind of job to organize the event successfully. Detailed examination of the skills of the employee should be carried out before assigning a special department.

  1. Right training

It is important to train the staff for specific qualities you want them to possess for any event. Special workshops can be organized for the staff for their skill improvement and understanding to operate in various events.

  1. Allow communication

An effective event planner cannot work as a dictator as his prowess rests with his team. The team can deliver to maximum potential if the planner is open to suggestions from the staff working in the team. Such behavior will also pass the message to the employee that the company values them and hence improve their motivation.

  1. Bonuses and Appraisals

There can be no other way to motivate the staff and appreciating their efforts than bonuses. The appraisals are really effective in getting a team together especially after the successful completion of a crucial event.

  1. Maintain discipline

In Event planning, the value of discipline amongst employees determines the results to a great extent. Thus it vital that discipline is not compromised upon especially during the events.

  1. Maintain records and documents

A strict documentation system needs to be adhered to in event planning especially in event companies to control the employee statistics. Proper records will ensure the smooth functioning of the events as there would not be other distractions.

Source: http://www.leoisaac.com/evt/top549.htm

https://www.evenesis.com/blog/staff-management-the-key-to-successful-event-management/

Event Management, Functions, Essentials, Key Drivers, Types, Pros and Cons

Event Management involves planning, organizing, and executing various types of events, ranging from corporate conferences, seminars, and exhibitions to social gatherings like weddings, concerts, and festivals. This multifaceted discipline requires a thorough understanding of logistics, budgeting, marketing, and customer service. Event managers oversee the entire process from conception to completion, ensuring that each element aligns with the event’s goals and theme. They coordinate with vendors, secure venues, manage staff, and handle any unforeseen issues that arise. Effective event management results in memorable and impactful experiences for attendees, while meeting or exceeding the objectives of the event organizers. With a focus on creativity, attention to detail, and strong organizational skills, event management professionals strive to deliver seamless events that engage audiences and leave a lasting impression.

Event Management Functions:

  • Conceptualization and Planning:

Defining the event’s purpose, objectives, theme, and format. This involves brainstorming and envisioning the event’s overall design and flow.

  • Budgeting:

Estimating costs and allocating funds for different components of the event, ensuring financial control and efficiency throughout the process.

  • Venue Selection:

Identifying and securing the ideal location that aligns with the event’s size, scope, and theme.

  • Scheduling:

Setting dates and timelines for the event and related activities, coordinating with vendors, participants, and stakeholders.

  • Vendor Management:

Hiring and managing external vendors, including caterers, decorators, audio-visual teams, and security services.

  • Marketing and Promotion:

Creating and implementing strategies to promote the event to the target audience, using traditional media, social media, and other promotional tools.

  • Registration and Ticketing:

Managing attendee registration, ticket sales, and check-in processes, ensuring a smooth entry experience.

  • On-site Management:

Overseeing all aspects of the event execution, from setup to tear-down, addressing any issues that arise during the event.

  • Safety and Compliance:

Ensuring the event adheres to legal requirements, health and safety regulations, and risk management protocols.

  • Post-Event Analysis:

Gathering feedback, evaluating the event’s success against objectives, and identifying areas for improvement for future events.

Event Management Essentials:

  • Planning:

Defining event objectives, setting budgets, selecting venues, and creating event timelines and schedules.

  • Logistics Management:

Handling all logistical aspects such as catering, transportation, accommodation, equipment rentals, and technical requirements.

  • Marketing and Promotion:

Developing strategies to promote the event, attract attendees, and generate buzz through various channels such as social media, email marketing, and traditional advertising.

  • Sponsorship and Partnerships:

Securing sponsorships, partnerships, and collaborations to support the event financially and enhance its value proposition.

  • Registration and Attendee Management:

Managing attendee registration, ticketing, and communication before, during, and after the event.

  • OnSite Coordination:

Overseeing all aspects of event execution, including set-up, staff management, guest assistance, and troubleshooting.

  • Evaluation and Feedback:

Assessing the success of the event against predefined objectives, collecting feedback from attendees, sponsors, and stakeholders, and identifying areas for improvement.

Event Management Key Drivers:

  • Clear Objectives:

Clearly defined goals and objectives are essential for guiding the planning process, measuring success, and ensuring that the event delivers value to both the organizers and the attendees.

  • Audience Engagement:

Creating immersive and interactive experiences that engage the audience emotionally and intellectually. Understanding the target audience and tailoring the event to their preferences and expectations is critical.

  • Innovative Technology:

Utilizing the latest technology for event marketing, registration, engagement, and feedback collection can enhance the attendee experience and streamline event management processes.

  • Strategic Marketing:

Effective promotion and marketing strategies that utilize a mix of traditional and digital channels to reach potential attendees, generate interest, and drive registrations.

  • Content Quality:

Delivering high-quality, relevant, and engaging content that adds value to attendees. This includes speakers, presentations, entertainment, and activities that align with the event’s objectives and audience interests.

  • Venue Selection:

Choosing the right venue that fits the event’s size, scope, and atmosphere, while also considering factors like location, accessibility, and facilities.

  • Sponsorship and Partnerships:

Securing sponsorships and partnerships can provide additional resources, enhance the event’s credibility, and offer mutual benefits to all parties involved.

  • Sustainability:

Incorporating sustainable practices and considerations into event planning to minimize environmental impact and appeal to increasingly eco-conscious audiences.

  • Risk Management:

Identifying potential risks and challenges associated with the event and having contingency plans in place to address them effectively.

  • Feedback and Evaluation:

Collecting and analyzing feedback from attendees, sponsors, and stakeholders to evaluate the event’s success and identify areas for improvement for future events.

Event Management Pros:

  1. Increased Engagement:

Event management facilitates direct interaction with attendees, offering a unique opportunity for engagement that can enhance customer relationships, brand loyalty, and participant satisfaction.

  1. Brand Visibility:

Through well-executed events, brands can significantly boost their visibility. Events provide a platform to showcase products, services, and brand values, reaching both existing and potential customers.

  1. Networking Opportunities:

Events are prime venues for networking, allowing businesses, industry professionals, and consumers to connect. These interactions can lead to new business opportunities, partnerships, and collaborations.

  1. Immediate Feedback:

Organizing an event offers the advantage of receiving immediate feedback from attendees. This direct response can provide valuable insights into customer preferences, market trends, and areas for improvement.

  1. Content Generation:

Events generate a wealth of content, such as photos, videos, testimonials, and social media buzz, that can be used in various marketing channels to further promote the brand and its message.

  1. Memorable Experiences:

By creating unique and engaging experiences, events can leave a lasting impression on attendees, making the brand more memorable and encouraging loyalty.

  1. Measurable Results:

With advancements in event technology, it’s easier to track and measure the success of an event through registrations, attendance rates, social media engagement, and post-event surveys. These metrics can help in evaluating the event’s ROI and in planning future strategies.

Event Management Cons:

  1. High Stress Levels:

Event planning is often listed among the most stressful jobs due to tight deadlines, high expectations, and the need for meticulous coordination and attention to detail.

  1. Unpredictable Work Hours:

The nature of events can demand long, irregular hours, including evenings, weekends, and holidays, especially in the lead-up to and during the event itself.

  1. Budget Constraints:

Financial limitations can pose significant challenges, requiring event managers to make tough decisions on what to prioritize, often compromising on the event’s scope or quality.

  1. Risk of Failure:

Despite thorough planning, events can fail due to unforeseen circumstances like weather conditions, technical failures, or low attendance, potentially harming the organizing body’s reputation.

  1. Vendor and Venue issues:

Reliance on external vendors and venues introduces variables that can be difficult to control, such as subpar service, double bookings, or logistical mishaps.

  1. Intense Competition:

The event management industry is highly competitive, making it challenging to stand out and secure clients or attendees in a crowded market.

  1. Stakeholder Management:

Balancing the expectations and demands of various stakeholders, including sponsors, partners, attendees, and speakers, can be complex and time-consuming.

Role of Event Manager and the people involved in conducting the event

An event manager oversees the design, set-up, and execution of events that bring people together. These events can run from small networking meetings with a few dozen guests to large-scale conferences with thousands of attendees over several days and everything in between.

No matter their scope, managing events is always a people-centric endeavor. Your goal is ensuring people get the most from a given event, and you work closely with people to achieve that goal.

Role

  • Event Coordinator duties and responsibilities
  • Understand requirements and details of each event
  • Understand clients’ needs and wants
  • Plan and organize events with attention to financial and time constraints
  • Book venues and schedule speakers
  • Meet with clients and coordinate with them regularly
  • Look for and compare different vendors (catering, decorators, musicians etc.)
  • Negotiate with vendors to achieve the most favorable terms
  • Hire, train and oversee personnel
  • Evaluate personnel and provide reports
  • Manage all event operations (preparing venue, invitations, food, drinks etc.)
  • Track the overall even expenses regularly
  • Do event budget planning
  • Stay within the budget
  • Carefully oversee event happenings
  • Offer solutions to resolve problems in a timely manner
  • Evaluate event’s success and submit reports

Duties of an Event Manager:

  • Pre-event organisation
  • Planning an event that meets the stated objectives
  • Working out event budget, and logistics (venue, catering, etc)
  • Managing an effective event marketing campaign
  • Managing registrants
  • On-the-day management
  • Ensuring that on the day logistics are running smoothly (catering, venue, equipment)
  • Managing event staff to help mark attendance, run speeches, provide attendee support, collect sign ups etc.
  • Sending SMS communications to attendees when needed (last minute venue changes, parking notices etc)
  • Post-event communication, reporting & analysis
  • Managing post-event marketing/communications (‘thank you for coming’ email, feedback surveys, etc)
  • Reviewing reports
  • Analysing feedback and report data to measure whether event goal was achieved

Different People

1) Infrastructure Manager

They have the following responsibilities:

  1. Procurement management and resource management.
  2. Responsible for setting up and dismantling the infrastructure for the whole event like:
  3. Construction of boundary walls, entrance and exit gates, driveways, walkways and parking lots
  4. Construction of AC/Non AC hangers/ halls, seating arrangement, stage design/ set up.
  5. Construction of green rooms, staff rooms, storage rooms, power rooms, toilets, sewage systems, stalls, counters, booths and kiosks.
  6. Responsible for setting up electricity, water and phone connections.
  7. Responsible for conservancy (i.e. cleanliness).
  8. Formulates, prepares and implements the risk management plan. (risks related to infrastructure management like sudden shortage of workers, materials, power failure etc)

2) Event Manager/Event Planner

They have the following responsibilities:

  1. Responsible for planning and producing the whole event.
  2. Responsible for procurement management and resource management.
  3. Formulates, prepares and implement risk management plan (risks related to event planning and production).

3) Security Manager

  1. Responsible for formulating, preparing and implementing the security plan and strategies. i.e. how to protect delegates, guests, service providers, organizers, sponsors, partners, clients, target audience, goods and merchandise, etc.
  2. Procurement management and resource management.
  3. Formulates, prepares and implements the risk management plan. (risks related to security like stampede, brawl etc)

4) Logistic Manager

  1. Responsible for custom clearances and other clearances.
  2. Responsible for warehousing of cargo
  3. Cargo insurance
  4. Expected to move goods and merchandise from one destination to the other in the most efficient manner.
  5. Responsible for procurement management and resource management.
  6. Formulates, prepares and implements the risk management plan. (risks related to logistic management like cargo theft, etc.)

5) Information Manager

  1. Manages the information acquired through different sources.
  2. Responsible for the documentation of all business operations carried out pre-event, at-event and post-event.
  3. Maintains database of service providers, delegates, guests, organizers, sponsors, partners, clients, target audience, media people and various govt. departments officials.
  4. Formulates, prepares and implements the risk management plan. (risks related to information management like loss of data)

6) Event Coordinator

They are responsible for coordinating with all event professionals and ensures that business operations are efficient and effective.

Event Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Types, Advantages

The increasing competitive pressures brought on by globalization are forcing business professionals to find new ways to engage customers. There are many definitions of event marketing. It is defined as the marketing discipline focused on face-to-face interaction via live events, trade shows and corporate meetings among other event types. Others define it as designing or developing a ‘live’ themed activity, occasion, display, or exhibit (such as a sporting event, music festival, fair, or concert) to promote a product, cause or organization.

An event is a live multimedia package with a preconceived concept, customized or modified to achieve the clients’ objective of reaching out and suitably influencing the sharply defined, specially gath­ered target audience by providing a complete sensual experience and an avenue for two-way interaction.

Events are attracting worldwide attention and at the same time getting corporatized. Events have proved to be a versatile marketing communication tool, since they can be customized to cater to the needs of the industry.

According to Philip Kotler, Events are defined as “occurrences designed to communicate particular messages to target audience”.

Events can also be defined as something noteworthy that happens according to a set plan involving networking of a multimedia package thereby achieving the client’s objective and justifying their need of associating with events.

Characteristics

  • It can be an observable occurrence.
  • It can be designed to achieve certain goals.
  • It can also be termed as experiential marketing.
  • It is objective-oriented.
  • It provides an avenue for effective interaction.

Types

  1. Wide range of events:

Event marketing encompasses a wide range of event types:

  1. Mega events and local events,
  2. Exhibitions,
  3. Trade shows,
  4. Publicity stunts,
  5. Themed and created events,
  6. Corporate entertainment,
  7. Award ceremonies.

Advantages

  • It helps in brand building, that is, creating awareness about the launch of new products/brands.
  • To highlight the added features of the product/services.
  • It helps in rejuvenating brands during different stages of product life cycle.
  • Helping in communicating the repositioning of brands/products.
  • Associating the brand personality of clients with the personality of target market.
  • Creating and maintaining brand identity.

Types of Customers for Events

Categories of Events

  • Political Events
  • Religious Events
  • Everyday Life”
  • Social Events; Weddings, Anniversaries, Death, Communions, etc.
  • Entertainment Events
  • Awareness Events
  • Crafts and Creativity
  • Sports Events
  • Educative/Academic Events at colleges
  • Corporate Events
  • International Events
  • Promotional Events

The Excitable Client

Everything you say is exciting to this client. They will enthuse, wax lyrical, delight in the details as you share your plans for their event. Feed off their energy and make it your aim to get attendees as excited as they are about the event.

The Demanding Client

They know what they want and they expect to get it. Forthright, blunt to the point of rudeness, the demanding client will make requests and expect you to jump. They tend to have a singular vision and be set upon it. With no respect for processes and protocol, they will interfere with your planning, contact you at all hours and not let up until they are wholly satisfied.

The Bargain Hunter Client

Budget-conscious and with a penchant for bargaining, this client will pinch every penny. Be prepared for them to encourage you to slash costs, cut deals, throw in extras in order to keep them happy. Dealing with a Del Boy can be disheartening: it’s all too easy to feel that they are undervaluing your skills and the effort you put in. However, stick to your guns and believe in your abilities.

The Grumpy Client

Nothing is quite good enough for this client. They are constantly moody and unenthused, even when you pull something spectacular out of the bag. Expect constant grumbles, occasional tuts, and a frown that never turns upside down.  Never fear though, beneath that tough exterior is a big softy.

The Impatient Client

With apparently no concept of how long things take and the pressures you are under, the impatient client wants things done NOW. You will be expected to drop everything to accommodate their requests.

Buyer versus User

Buyer person are focused on prospects looking to solve a problem or meet an objective that your products, solutions or services help them to achieve. Buyer person encompass all of the differing roles or stakeholders involved in the purchase decision and are usually represented by decision maker, influencer, champion, and gatekeeper roles. Distinctions can also be made as to economic buyer and functional buyer.

User person are designed to address the perspectives of those who work with your products, solutions or services on a daily basis. The goal is to help these “end users” achieve more complete use of the product, gain more value than they initially anticipated, as well as to help them become champions for continued use new additions, extensions or feature upgrades. They got what they needed to solve the original problem from your product, now how do they gain more value, or use more features? This persona is often the influencer in an account-based-marketing retention sale.

Consumers Buying Roles: Initiator, Influencer, Decider, Buyer and User

In any purchase decision, multiple roles are played by individuals, even if the final purchase involves only one person. These roles help marketers understand who to target during different stages of the buying process. The five key roles are: Initiator, Influencer, Decider, Buyer, and User.

1. Initiator

The initiator is the person who first recognizes a need or problem and starts the buying process by suggesting a purchase. This individual plays a critical role in triggering the entire decision-making process. For instance, in a family setting, a child may act as the initiator by expressing a desire for a new video game console. In a business scenario, an employee may suggest purchasing new software to improve productivity.

Marketers need to identify initiators because they are key in creating demand. Advertising that highlights common problems or needs can effectively target initiators by making them aware of potential solutions.

2. Influencer

The influencer is the person who provides information or opinions that affect the buying decision. Influencers may have expertise or credibility that others rely on during the decision-making process. In a family, parents often act as influencers by advising on the quality, price, and brand of a product. In a corporate environment, technical experts or consultants may influence the choice of products or services.

Influencers play a crucial role in shaping perceptions and preferences. Marketers often target influencers by using strategies such as influencer marketing, testimonials, expert endorsements, and word-of-mouth promotion. Ensuring that influencers have positive experiences with a product can significantly increase its acceptance.

3. Decider

The decider is the individual who has the final authority to choose whether to buy a product or not. In many cases, the decider is the head of the family or the manager in an organization. For example, even if a child initiates the need for a toy and influences the parents, the decision to buy it may ultimately lie with the parent who controls the finances.

In business markets, the decider might be a senior executive who approves significant purchases after evaluating the recommendations made by subordinates. Marketers need to understand who the decider is and develop strategies aimed at convincing them, such as providing clear information about the product’s benefits, cost-effectiveness, and return on investment.

4. Buyer

The buyer is the person who physically purchases the product. This role involves activities like visiting the store, negotiating with vendors, and making payments. In many cases, the buyer may also be the decider, but not always. For instance, a parent might be the buyer purchasing groceries for the household, although other family members may have influenced or decided what should be bought.

Marketers should focus on making the buying experience as smooth as possible for buyers by ensuring product availability, offering promotions, and simplifying the payment process. Loyalty programs and incentives can also encourage repeat purchases.

5. User

The user is the individual who consumes or uses the product or service. Users may or may not be involved in the decision-making or buying process. For example, in a family, children might be the primary users of snacks or toys, while parents are the ones who buy and decide on the product. Similarly, in a company, employees use office supplies or equipment, although a procurement team handles the buying.

Since the user’s satisfaction ultimately determines the success of a product, marketers must focus on user experience and gather feedback to improve offerings. Ensuring that users have a positive experience leads to repeat purchases, customer loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth.

Interrelation of Roles in Buying Decisions:

In real-world scenarios, the roles of initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user often overlap. A single person may play multiple roles, or different individuals may assume each role. For instance, in a family:

  • The child may be the initiator and influencer.
  • The parent may act as the decider and buyer.
  • The child is the ultimate user.

In a business-to-business (B2B) context:

  • An employee may initiate the need for a new tool.
  • A manager might influence the decision by recommending brands.
  • The procurement officer handles the actual purchase.
  • The employee uses the product.

Marketers need to understand the interplay of these roles to design targeted campaigns at various stages of the buying process.

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