Remarketing with Google

Remarketing is a way to connect with people who previously interacted with your website or mobile app. It allows you to strategically position your ads in front of these audiences as they browse Google or its partner websites, thus helping you increase your brand awareness or remind those audiences to make a purchase.

Benefits

Whether you’re looking to drive sales activity, increase registrations, or promote awareness of your brand, remarketing can be a strategic component of your advertising. Below are a few benefits of using remarketing:

  • Prompt reach/Well-timed targeting: You can show your ads to people who’ve previously interacted with your business right when they’re searching elsewhere and are more likely to make a purchase. You can also help customers find you by showing them your ads when they are actively looking for your business on Google Search.
  • Focused advertising: You can create remarketing lists to advertise for specific cases. For example, you may create a remarketing list targeted for people who added something to their shopping cart but didn’t complete a transaction.
  • Large-scale reach: You can reach people on your remarketing lists across their devices as they browse over 2 million websites and mobile apps.
  • Efficient pricing: You can create high-performance remarketing campaigns with automated bidding. Real-time bidding calculates the optimal bid for the person viewing your ad, helping you win the ad auction with the best possible price. There’s no extra cost to use Google’s auction.
  • Easy ad creation: Produce text, image, and video ads for free with Ad gallery. Combine a dynamic remarketing campaign with Ad gallery layouts to scale beautiful ads across all of your products or services.
  • Campaign statistics: You’ll have reports of how your campaigns are performing, where your ads are showing, and what price you’re paying.

Ways to remarket with Google Ads

  • Standard remarketing: Show ads to your past visitors as they browse sites and apps on the Display Network. Learn more
  • Dynamic remarketing: Boost your results with dynamic remarketing, which takes remarketing to the next level with ads that include products or services that people viewed on your website or app. Learn more
  • Remarketing lists for search ads: Show ads to your past visitors as they do follow-up searches for what they need on Google, after leaving your website. Learn more
  • Video remarketing: Show ads to people who have interacted with your videos or YouTube channel as they use YouTube and browse Display Network videos, websites, and apps. Learn more
  • Customer list remarketing: With Customer match, you can upload lists of contact information that your customers have given you. When those people are signed into Google, you can show them ads across different Google products.

Instructions

  • Sign in to your Google Ads account.
  • Click Campaigns from the page menu.
  • Click the plus buttonto create a new campaign.
  • Choose your campaign goal among the options for “Goals”.
  • Select Display as the campaign type. From the “Campaign type” section, select Display Network.
  • Name your campaign and specify locations, languages, bidding, and budget.
  • Your selections in the “Targeting” section is where dynamic remarketing comes in. For optimal targeting, select “Automated” so that Google’s machine learning can help you target with the greatest reach. This includes remarketing. If you want to target specific audiences only, set targeting to “Manual” to choose audience groups in the audiences menu. The tracking from your global site tag helps Google identify the best audiences for you to choose from. Once you’ve manually selected a list from the list options, click Done. You’ll also be able to add more targeting options and can incorporate “Targeting expansion,” which lets Google target the highest performing audiences for your ads.
  • Then create your Display ads
  • Click Create campaign

Content Optimization, Long-term Content Planning

Content Optimization

Essentially, content optimization, or SEO (search engine optimization), is the process of optimizing your content to make sure that it’s more visible through the web. Search engine robots will rank highly optimized content higher on a search engine page than non-optimized content. Optimizing a website involves many nuanced details, and search engine robots are weighing everything from content to HTML to backlinks.

It’s important to note that Google is responsible for the majority of the search engine traffic in the world. This may vary from one industry to another, but it’s likely that Google is the dominant player in the search results that your business or website would want to show up in, but the best practices outlined in this guide will help you to position your site and its content to rank in other search engines, as well.

Beginner can improve their search engine ranking by referring to the following:

  • Write Great Content: While content alone isn’t everything, it is a big part of the picture, and great content can dramatically improve your chances of a great SEO ranking. When writing content, make sure it’s relatable to the user/reader, is original, and is written for your website and your purposes. Since you know your business better than anyone, writing content that describes your product, your services, or your business updates should buy right up your alley.
  • Keep New Content Coming: Another tip for optimizing your content is to be constantly posting new content. Search engine robots love new content, and your readers will, too.
  • Use Headings: Another thing that search engines love is big text, so make sure you use headings and subheadings in your writing and make sure you make the text larger or bolded. Another tip: use keywords within the heading, which will kill two birds with one stone.
  • Optimize the Text: You can optimize existing text simply by adding a few key content optimization devices. Title tags, meta descriptions, meta keywords, and URLs are all a great way to get your content noticed by search engines.
  • Optimize Images: People love images, and consumers often spend as much time searching for photos as they do text. As such, make sure you’re up to speed by optimizing all images within your content. Add alt tags, which serve as alternate text; use image tags, which are the words that show up when a user scrolls over an image; and make sure the file size of your images has been adjusted properly to ensure that all images load and view properly.
  • Optimize Videos: Like images, great headings, and other graphics or bold colors, videos grab the readers’ attention and help to keep them hooked. If you don’t have your own videos to upload, you can use websites such as YouTube to find great clips that can be embedded into your site. As always, use good keywords in your videos’ title, descriptions, and tags; share videos on social media sites; and use a video as a call to action or another way to drive sales.
  • Stop Writing for Search Engines: Believe it or not, most search engine robots can tell when you’re writing content specifically for search engine optimization and not for the user, which hurts your ranking. Instead of focusing exclusively on keywords, over-linking, or creating content that’s low quality just for the purpose of publishing, relax, take a breath, and back-off from over optimizing. Focusing on content that is natural sounding and useful will get you a long way, and then optimizing after that by doing the things mentioned above is key.
  • Use Social Media: If you posted your blog to Facebook or Twitter once and then gave up on it, you’re not doing your best to optimize your page. Social media is very important when it comes to content optimization, and simply posting a link isn’t enough. Rather, build relationships with relevant users and connections through social media sites, share other users’ content too, provide feedback, and use your social media site for more than just posting.
  • Keep it Clean: Finally, know that a search engine won’t publish anything that’s hard to find or illegal to post. As such, make sure you keep your code clean and organized, using HTML and CSS layouts, which help search engines, find your content efficiently. Additionally, know that anything illegal (unlawful use of copyrighted content) won’t be published. For best results, use your own content, and be creative to avoid raising any red flags.

Google’s algorithm is extremely complex, but at a high level:

  • Google is looking for pages that contain high-quality, relevant information relevant to the searcher’s query.
  • Google’s algorithm determines relevance by “crawling” (or reading) your website’s content and evaluating (algorithmically) whether that content is relevant to what the searcher is looking for, based on the keywords it contains and other factors (known as “ranking signals”).
  • Google determines “quality” by a number of means, but a site’s link profile – the number and quality of other websites that link to a page and site as a whole is among the most important.

Key Factor

  • Search Volume: The first factor to consider is how many people are actually searching for a given keyword. The more people there are searching for a keyword, the bigger the potential audience you stand to reach. Conversely, if no one is searching for a keyword, there is no audience available to find your content through search.
  • Relevance: A term may be frequently searched for, but that does not necessarily mean that it is relevant to your prospects. Keyword relevance, or the connection between content on a site and the user’s search query, is a crucial ranking signal.
  • Competition: Keywords with higher search volume can drive significant amounts of traffic, but competition for premium positioning in the search engine results pages can be intense.

Key element

Title Tags

While Google is working to better understand the actual meaning of a page and de-emphasizing (and even punishing) aggressive and manipulative use of keywords, including the term (and related terms) that you want to rank for in your pages is still valuable. And the single most impactful place you can put your keyword is your page’s title tag.

Meta Descriptions

While the title tag is effectively your search listing’s headline, the meta description (another meta HTML element that can be updated in your site’s code, but isn’t seen on your actual page) is effectively your site’s additional ad copy. Google takes some liberties with what they display in search results, so your meta description may not always show, but if you have a compelling description of your page that would make folks searching likely to click, you can greatly increase traffic.

Body Content

The actual content of your page itself is, of course, very important. Different types of pages will have different “jobs” your cornerstone content asset that you want lots of folks to link to needs to be very different than your support content that you want to make sure your users find and get an answer from quickly. That said, Google has been increasingly favoring certain types of content, and as you build out any of the pages on your site, there are a few things to keep in mind:

  • Thick & Unique Content: There is no magic number in terms of word count, and if you have a few pages of content on your site with a handful to a couple hundred words you won’t be falling out of Google’s good graces, but in general recent Panda updates in particular favor longer, unique content. If you have a large number (think thousands) of extremely short (50-200 words of content) pages or lots of duplicated content where nothing changes but the page’s title tag and say a line of text, that could get you in trouble. Look at the entirety of your site: are a large percentage of your pages thin, duplicated and low value? If so, try to identify a way to “thicken” those pages, or check your analytics to see how much traffic they’re getting, and simply exclude them (using a noindex meta tag) from search results to keep from having it appear to Google that you’re trying to flood their index with lots of low value pages in an attempt to have them rank.
  • Engagement”: Google is increasingly weighting engagement and user experience metrics more heavily. You can impact this by making sure your content answers the questions searchers are asking so that they’re likely to stay on your page and engage with your content. Make sure your pages load quickly and don’t have design elements (such as overly aggressive ads above the content) that would be likely to turn searchers off and send them away.
  • “Sharability”: Not every single piece of content on your site will be linked to and shared hundreds of times. But in the same way you want to be careful of not rolling out large quantities of pages that have thin content, you want to consider who would be likely to share and link to new pages you’re creating on your site before you roll them out. Having large quantities of pages that aren’t likely to be shared or linked to doesn’t position those pages to rank well in search results, and doesn’t help to create a good picture of your site as a whole for search engines, either.

Alt Attributes

How you mark up your images can impact not only the way that search engines perceive your page, but also how much search traffic from image search your site generates. An alt attribute is an HTML element that allows you to provide alternative information for an image if a user can’t view it. Your images may break over time (files get deleted, users have difficulty connecting to your site, etc.) so having a useful description of the image can be helpful from an overall usability perspective. This also gives you another opportunity outside of your content to help search engines understand what your page is about.

URL Structure

Your site’s URL structure can be important both from a tracking perspective (you can more easily segment data in reports using a segmented, logical URL structure), and a shareability standpoint (shorter, descriptive URLs are easier to copy and paste and tend to get mistakenly cut off less frequently). Again: don’t work to cram in as many keywords as possible; create a short, descriptive URL.

Schema & Markup

Finally, once you have all of the standard on-page elements taken care of, you can consider going a step further and better helping Google (and other search engines, which also recognize schema) to understand your page.

Schema markup does not make your page show up higher in search results (it’s not a ranking factor, currently). It does give your listing some additional “real estate” in the search results, the way ad extensions do for your AdWords ads.

Local Search, Mobile SEO

Local Search

In computer science, local search is a heuristic method for solving computationally hard optimization problems. Local search can be used on problems that can be formulated as finding a solution maximizing a criterion among a number of candidate solutions. Local search algorithms move from solution to solution in the space of candidate solutions (the search space) by applying local changes, until a solution deemed optimal is found or a time bound is elapsed.

Local search algorithms are widely applied to numerous hard computational problems, including problems from computer science (particularly artificial intelligence), mathematics, operations research, engineering, and bioinformatics. Examples of local search algorithms are WalkSAT, the 2-opt algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm.

Local search marketing is anything you do on the web to promote a physical business that makes face-to-face contact with its customers. It applies to both single-location small and medium businesses (SMBs), national enterprise brands, and chains. If a company meets with its customers directly either through a storefront or service area it’s termed a “local business” and a unique set of techniques and skills can be used to increase its visibility on the Internet. This may also be referred to as “local SEO,” or local search engine optimization.

Far from being a one-and-done form of marketing, good local SEO builds upon a base of clear business information, using an array of marketing practices to transform an unknown brand into a local household word.

Guideline compliance

The way you conceptualize and market your type of local business will be based on the Guidelines for Representing Your Business On Google. Your Google My Business listing is the most important listing you build for your company; failure to comply with Google’s guidelines can result in ranking failures and even listing takedowns. To play it smart, you must be able to see your business the way Google does and follow the appropriate guidelines.

Site authority

Your website can accrue some authority simply by virtue of its age, but you can actively pursue authority by earning links and mentions of your business from quality, relevant sources. Beware of links from low-quality sources or schemes that attempt to inflate link count with no concern for relevance. Industry surveys indicate that the quality and authority of the links you earn have a major impact on your local search rankings.

Site quality

If your website loads quickly, has a sensible structure, renders properly on all devices, features high-quality content, is free of malware or other malicious elements, and is easy for people to use, you’re meeting basic quality goals. No amount of marketing can make up for poor UX (user experience) on your website.

Site optimization

The search engine optimization (SEO) of your website aims to increase your organic (non-paid) search engine visibility via both technical and creative means. This Beginner’s Guide to SEO breaks down the elements for you.

You must also understand that local SEO consists of everything traditional SEO does, plus geography. In other words, local business websites don’t just focus on keywords about products, services, and topics; they also highly feature terms relevant to the cities in which the business serves.

NAP consistency

“NAP” is the common acronym for “name, address, phone number.” These three pieces of data make up the core of your business information in the world of local search. You’ll also sometimes see this written as NAP+W, with the “W” standing for your website URL. In order for consumers and search engines to trust the data they find across the web about your business, you must make every effort to ensure that its NAP+W is consistent on your website and on all third-party platforms where your business is listed or mentioned.

NAP breadth

A core task of local SEO involves helping your NAP spread across the Internet. Much of this work hinges on building structured citations (local business listings) on important platforms like Google My Business, Facebook, Bing, Yelp, Superpages, etc. You can also build important citations on popular niche directories that relate specifically to your geography or industry. The breadth of your NAP can grow as your business earns unstructured citations/mentions on social platforms, blogs, news sites, and other resources. The number of both structured and unstructured citations you earn is believed to have a positive impact on local search rankings, as search engines find your business widely referenced around the web. You can do all of this work manually, or use convenient tools that automate structured citation building and active location data management for you.

Review acquisition

Reviews may be the most influential Internet factor for any local business. It’s estimated that 92% of consumers read online reviews and 68% state that positive reviews influence their feelings of trust in a business. Every local business needs a strategy for encouraging customers to leave reviews on a variety of platforms. Your job is to know the guidelines of each platform so that you don’t break rules, and to devote significant resources to this vital area of marketing. The number of reviews you earn can directly impact local search rankings, while the positive and negative sentiments in those reviews can directly impact conversions and earnings. Throughout the life of your business, you’ll be seeking to earn a wide array of positive reviews.

Publishing strategy

The moment any local business steps onto the web, it becomes a publisher. Your communications with consumers may include the basic text content of your website, a blog, video or image content, owner responses to reviews, and social media participation. Everything you publish should engage customers and expose them to your brand. Search engines not only measure content quality, but also the way in which users interact with content, meaning the content you produce should result in high levels of user engagement. Plus, your high-quality content may be shared by your industry and consumer base, further promoting your business. You must devote time and creativity into developing and executing a publishing strategy, for as long as your company is in business.

Competitive edge

The three bottom tiers of our pyramid are fundamental tasks in a typical local SEO campaign. In a competitive industry/geography, your competitors are experts when it comes to these core areas. You must look beyond the basics if you want to stand out from the pack.

Gaining a competitive edge in a crowded market requires a unique effort for each business, based on discovering opportunities your rivals haven’t yet explored.

Benefits of local SEO

As we’ve just established, when you’re a local business, whether that’s an auto shop in Boise, Idaho, a restaurant in Jacksonville, Florida, or a furniture store in Houston, Texas, local SEO plays a crucial role in generating customers and conversions.

In this current climate of online shopping and retail giants, I imagine that local business owners can feel unmotivated to compete against the likes of Walmart and Amazon for positions in search results.

Fortunately for you, local SEO is here to help. Local SEO favors smaller businesses over the likes of Amazon any day!

Investing in local SEO is your chance to get found by local consumers who are ready and willing to invest in your business instead.

Both Google itself and the shopping public recognize the value of local businesses. In fact, Google has a specific set of local ranking factors that it uses as a measure to determine whether or not your business is geographically relevant to a user performing a ‘near me’ search (we’ll cover this in more detail a little later on).

That means you don’t have to worry about competing against large international corporations to get your local business in front of relevant nearby consumers.

Research conducted by Access concluded that proximity matters to local consumers a great deal, with more than 92% traveling just 20 minutes or less to purchase their day-to-day essentials. For any size business, that should be reason enough to invest in local SEO.

Mobile SEO

Mobile SEO refers to the search engine optimization of websites combined with flawless viewing on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Thanks to the increasing boom of portable devices, webmasters should be highly concerned with their mobile SEO plan. After all, more than 50% of Internet users now report surfing websites through their mobile devices daily. Google is already favouring mobile friendly sites.

First and foremost, according to Google mobile websites typically run on one out of three different configurations:

  • Responsive Web Design
  • Dynamic Serving
  • Separate URLs

Responsive Web Design

When you use responsive web design, your mobile site will have the same HTML code and content for the same URL regardless of the user’s chosen device. You’ll simply use the meta name=”viewport” tag within your site’s source course to help the Internet browser identify how they should adjust the content. Then, the display settings will change to fit each visitor’s unique screen size.

Benefits of RWD

Responsive web design is very popular among SEO experts everywhere, and it’s even recommended by Google itself. You should definitely consider responsive design because:

  • It’s easy to share content from a single URL.
  • Google can easily index your single URL for higher search engine rankings.
  • You’ll find it convenient to maintain multiple pages for the same content.
  • This design avoids common SEO and formatting mistakes.
  • There won’t be much additional setup time.
  • Googlebot will use less resources and make crawling more efficient.
  • Users won’t have to deal with redirects, which offers shorter page download times.

Dynamic Serving

Dynamic serving configurations are designed to have the server respond with different HTML and CSS code on the same URL depending on the user’s device. For this, you’ll need to properly use the Vary HTTP header to signal changes based on the user-agent’s page requests. Valid headers tell the browser how to display the content and help Googlebot discover that your website has mobile-optimized content much faster.

Separate URLs

As the name suggests, this setup configuration involves having different URLs for your website to successfully display your content on different mobile devices. Each URL is equipped with different HTML code for every respective screen size.

Measuring SEO effectiveness

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of optimizing your webpages and content to rank high on a search engine. Ideally, you want your content at the top of a search engine’s results for keywords relevant to your product or services. This is why SEO is also the practice of attracting quality traffic to your website.

Whether you’re a freelance photographer or party supplier developing an e-commerce site, having a digital presence is an essential component of your inbound marketing strategy. Hence, implementing an effective SEO strategy is a strong start to boosting your website’s visibility, growing your organic traffic, and attracting new customers.

Measure SEO Success

It may seem somewhat counterintuitive to determine how successful your SEO campaign has been in hindsight if you never established any goals before the campaign started. Remember, beauty is in the eye of the beholder; if your company set a goal to improve organic traffic by 5% year over year, allocated the appropriate resources towards attaining that goal, and then achieved an organic traffic increase of 10%, you could view this campaign as extremely successful. However, if the goal had been to double organic traffic, the campaign would be perceived as a complete failure. For this reason, your SEO goals should be well established before the campaign truly begins. Without establishing these goals, you will have no baseline to grow from. Determining how much of your marketing budget should be allocated to online marketing is also nearly impossible without proper goals in place, meaning you have a very good chance at either underspending or overspending, neither of which are good for business.

On the other hand, not every company will find it simple to so readily define these goals, especially if we’re talking about a startup company or even an existing business attempting to adapt to an increasingly digital world with no idea where to begin. If that is the case, I would strongly recommend scheduling a consultation with a professional SEO agency that should be able to walk you through the basics. For a reasonable price, a reputable SEO company can perform an audit of your website, identify preexisting weaknesses in your website, analyze your competition and provide you with a high level overview of what you’d be up against. They will also be able to use their expertise to help you create realistic goals based on data and research.

There are a number of things to look at when gauging the success of your SEO campaign. To make informed decisions, you must be armed with data about your website, which can be achieved by connecting your website to an analytics software. Google Analytics is the most popular analytics software for websites since it is free and plenty powerful for most applications.

While analyzing each and every source of traffic certainly has it’s role in crafting your SEO campaigns, for the purposes of learning how to evaluate your campaign in this article, we will be focusing mainly on organic statistics. In the digital marketing world, organic search results are the results that the search engine has listed due to relevancy to a user’s query, not due to “inorganic” reasons such as paid placement. The word “organic” has transformed into a digital marketing industry adjective, which indicates that you are discussing “free” search traffic from the search engines, mainly Google, Yahoo! and Bing.

Analytical Data

Organic Search Traffic

One of the most important metrics of your website is how many users visit your site. Track your organic search traffic monthly and make sure that overall it is increasing. You may have some drops once in awhile due to seasonality and other variables, but it is important that in general you see an upward trend in organic search traffic to your site. You can view this data in an number of ways, including graphically.

Organic Revenue

If you are dealing with ecommerce SEO and have properly implemented ecommerce tracking, you will have access to your organic revenue data, meaning revenue your site earned strictly from organic visits to your site. Of course, you want to make sure that revenue is increasing month to month and year to year, but don’t be discouraged by occasional dip here and there from things like seasonality. When you notice a dip that you lack an explanation for, it’s time to dig deeper into your data.

Bounce Rate

A website’s bounce rate is essentially the percentage of visitors who leave your site after only viewing one page. These users often “bounce” back to the search results page to find something they deem more relevant to their query.

A high bounce rate is not necessarily a bad thing as it could simply mean that users have immediately found the information they were looking for on the page they landed on and left. More often, however, a high bounce rate is an indication that your visitors are not seeing what they had hoped to see when clicking on your result, and that is a problem. This could mean that you are not targeting the right keywords, that your site doesn’t look “legitimate”, or that some other factors are at play preventing the visitor from engaging with your website.

e-Commerce Conversion Rate

Your ecommerce conversion rate is the percentage of visits to your website that resulted in an ecommerce transaction. In Google Analytics, you can hone in by traffic source to see your organic ecommerce conversion rate, which will help you understand if your organic traffic is actually converting to a sale. A good ecommerce conversion rate is hard to define, as in some industries even converting 1% of your visitors into a sale or lead could be considered terrific. Make sure that your organic ecommerce conversion rate is at least always staying the same or slightly improving, and analyze your checkout funnels for drop offs to determine what might be preventing your users from making a purchase. Sometimes, it can be as simple as adding some trust badges to your store to make users feel more confident their transaction is secure.

Time on Page by Visitors

Another important metric you can view in Google Analytics is the amount of time your visitors are spending on your pages. This is especially important on your organic landing pages as these are the pages your organic visitors will see first. This statistic is really beneficial for understanding the search intent of your visitors and how you might improve upon that. If users are arriving to a landing page and quickly navigating to another section of your website, you may want make it easier for them to find what they are looking for. The goal is to make your website as user friendly as possible.

Goal

Google Analytics allows you to define “goals” on your website, and then track their completion. Practically any action a user could take while on your website could be setup as a goal, from clicking an element on your site to submitting a contact form to making a purchase. You can also implement more abstract goals such as a user spending a predetermined amount of time on a given page. Some of the more sophisticated goals may require a bit of Javascript help from your front end developers.

Percent of Total Traffic That Comes from Organic Search

The larger the percentage of your total traffic that comes from organic, the more you are relying on organic search to drive traffic to your site. Typically, we aim to have as high a percentage of traffic come from organic, as this traffic is “free” once you have earned the rankings. Pay attention to how much of your site comes from organic and if you notice this percentage starting to drop, you may need to rethink your SEO strategy. Of course, other sources of traffic are very important too, and a shrinking organic traffic percentage may just mean you’ve been paying more attention to Social Media traffic or Pay-Per-Click traffic. Either way, you should always have a good idea of what percentage of your total traffic is coming from organic search.

Pages Per Visitor

The more pages a visitor views after arriving at your site, the more engaging your site is. At its core, Google aims to serve people the most relevant and useful websites that offer value that cannot be found elsewhere, or at least cannot be found easily. Looking at this statistic from an organic standpoint may tell you that you are targeting the right users or users who ultimately don’t have interest in your website after arrival. On the other hand, your visitors may be interested in your content, but your site may not be user-friendly enough. Remember, data is objective but your interpretations are subjective. Be sure to dig deep enough to find causation in your data, not just correlation.

Returning vs. New Users

new vs returning visitors to measure seo success The amount of visitors that return to your website can help you to understand how engaging your website is and whether or not users are identifying with your brand. Even if you convert 100% of your visitors, if none of them return to convert again in the future, you are losing out big time source of revenue! Ideally your visitors won’t just make a sale, they will share their purchase on social media, post links in online forums like Reddit, and return to make another purchase.

Crawl Errors

Search engines rely on automated programs that “crawl” your website in order to add it to their index. No matter how great your website is, if Google and the other search engines can’t understand your website, your rankings will suffer. Fortunately, Google provides a function in their Search Console (formerly Webmaster Tools) that allows you to check for crawl errors, and it will tell you if it is having difficulty crawling any of your pages. If you have thousands of crawl issues showing up in Search Console, odds are have some other glaring SEO problems. Here is a list of common crawl errors and how to fix them.

Traffic By Device Type

With mobile ecommerce stats showing that more and more users are accessing the web without conventional desktop computers, it’s more important than ever to be paying attention to which devices users are using to access your website. These days, the majority of online traffic comes from mobile devices, which is why it is important to know what devices your visitors use to make sure you are delivering the most user friendly view of your site to each visitor. You can check to see how “mobile-friendly” your website is with Google’s Mobile-Friendly Test page.

Phone Tracking

You’re not getting a clear picture of your SEO campaign results unless you’re tracking phone calls from your site. This is especially true for lead generation sites and is more important for some industries than others. Depending on the industry, up to 100% of your leads can arrive via phone calls! Without call tracking implemented, you will have very little insight as to how they found you.

Call tracking provides you with customer data and information that enables you to make more informed strategic decisions and focus your efforts on the traffic sources that work for you. Some call tracking services are more robust than others, but the majority of them will allow you to see the traffic source that drove the call, the duration of the call, the search query that the customer used to find your site, and other relevant information.

Keyword Volume

Are you targeting keywords that are actually searched frequently? Ranking on the first page for hundreds of terms that nobody searches for is worthless. Imagine your business sells dogs, cats, monkeys, unicorns and lizard. All other things equal, it would be wise to focus your efforts on “dogs”, since it gets the most search volume. However, we know that all things are not equal and profit margins on unicorns are just outrageous these days.

Keyword Relevance & Search Intent

Are the keywords that you are targeting relevant to your audience? Is there a clear search intent that you are delivering what the searcher is most likely searching for? For example, if your website sells unicorns, ranking for “free unicorns” is not nearly as beneficial as ranking for “unicorns for sale”. Still, a fraction of those looking for free unicorns may be persuaded into buying some, so don’t completely write those keywords off.

Keyword Quantity

Of course, we want relevant keywords that are searched frequently ,but we also want a lot of them! Each month, you should track the amount of keywords that are ranking #1 overall, how many are on the first page of the results, as well as the second and third pages. Look for increases in these numbers each month and avoid losing rankings on keywords that have already proven successful sources of qualified traffic. Each keyword that your site ranks for will result in an increase in organic traffic, so as long as they are relevant to your operations, the more keywords the merrier.

Domain Quantity

How many separate domains link back to your site is an indication of how trustworthy you are. Generally speaking, the more domains that link to your site, the better.

Domain Quality

Links from CNN.com are likely more valuable than links from TommysAwesomeBlog.com, since CNN.com has a very strong backlink profile of its own. The quality of a domain is assessed by the search engine by using a number of metrics, including backlink profile, age of domain, and a lot of other factors.

Domain Relevancy

It’s not just the amount of domains and their quality that matters, but relevancy as well. Google’s search algorithm is capable of making many different types of associations. If you sell spaceships, a link from NASA.gov is much more beneficial than one from the NSA.gov. .

Page Quality

Similar to domain quality, but on a page basis. If your links are coming from “low quality” page(s) on strong domain(s), it will not have as big an impact as if it was coming from a high quality page on the same domain.

Anchor Text

With the recent iterations of Google’s penguin algorithm, the anchor text ratio of a websites backlink profile has become a huge point of importance for maintaining the overall “health” of your website. The short and simple explanation is that your website should have as natural of a backlink profile as possible, including the anchor text of those links. If you look at any big brand website, you will see a very natural distribution of the anchor text being used in inbound links.

SEO for E-commerce

e-commerce SEO is the process of making your online store more visible in the search engine results pages (SERPs). When people search for products that you sell, you want to rank as highly as possible so you get more traffic.

You can get traffic from paid search, but SEO costs much less. Plus, ad blockers and ad blindness can reduce the effectiveness of paid search, so you’ll want to optimize for search regardless.

e-commerce SEO usually involves optimizing your headlines, product descriptions, meta data, internal link structure, and navigational structure for search and user experience. Each product you sell should have a dedicated page designed to draw traffic from search engines.

However, you don’t want to forget about static, non-product-oriented pages on your site, such as the following:

  • Homepage
  • About page
  • A.Q. page
  • Blog articles
  • Help center answers
  • Contact page

The best ecommerce SEO strategy includes:

  • Keyword research to find the types of keywords customers are searching.
  • Site architecture based on your keyword research.
  • On-Page SEO through strategic keyword optimization in meta tags and content.
  • Technical SEO to help ensure search engines can crawl your site efficiently.
  • Local SEO to help drive local organic traffic (if you have a brick and mortar).
  • Content marketing to drive additional organic visitors.
  • Link Building to help improve the authority of your website.
  • Measuring SEO Success with tools like Google Analytics and Ahrefs.

Strategy

  • Prioritize pages: Which pages on your site get the most traffic? Start with them. Additionally, if you want people to focus on a specific or flagship product, optimize for that product first.
  • Create a workflow: SEO requires you to meet lots of specific requirements. Choosing keywords, adding meta data, naming your images correctly, adding image alternate attributes, and incorporating related keywords all fall under this category.
  • Check out the competition: Your ecommerce SEO strategy should be designed to outwit the competition. Look at your top competitors’ sites and check out their SEO efforts. Identify ways to make yours better.
  • Follow through with CRO: Conversion rate optimization (CRO) should follow SEO. We’ll talk about that more later on.

Analyze the Keyword Search Volume, CPC, and User Intent

Before you use a keyword, do some research on it. Know how often people search for it (keyword search volume), how competitive it is in the paid advertising space (cost-per-click, or CPC), and what people are looking for when they use that keyword.

Search volume tells you how much interest a particular keyword inspires in consumers. A high search volume indicates greater popularity, which means you’ll get more active searches for that keyword.

CPC tells you how much people pay per click when they buy advertising based on a specific keyword. A high CPC indicates increased competition. If your target keyword is extremely competitive, consider finding a long-tail alternative.

Finally, user intent describes what people want to find when they type a specific keyword into Google’s search bar. Let’s say, for instance, that someone types “shower” and hits Enter.

Focus on Homepage SEO

The homepage is typically where most businesses focus their SEO budget and energy. While it is definitely one of the top pages of your website to optimize, it is by no means the only one you should focus on.

That said, you do want to optimize your homepage well. The key things you want to add and optimize are include the following.

Homepage Title Tag

The SEO title tag is one of the most important element of on-site search optimization. It should include your business name along with the main keyword phrase you are targeting. You should write this title tag in less than 70 characters and in a way that is appealing to search visitors, as they will see it in search results.

Homepage Meta Description

While this is not important as far as keyword rankings, the meta description for your homepage is a 160-character description of your business that will also show up in search beneath the title tag. Write it in a way that encourages people to want to visit your website.

Homepage Content

The content on your homepage should help visitors learn more about your business and the products you have to offer in a clear and concise way. Avoid overloading visitors with too much information. Consider featuring your top few products on the homepage and your unique selling proposition.

Cluttered homepages can confuse visitors as well as search engines. For instances, maybe you sell products in many different categories. Google will struggle to identify what you sell and who you’re targeting with your products, so get specific about what your site offers.

Simplify Your Site Architecture

As you are adding products and categories to your store, remember that site architecture plays an important role in search optimization. Particularly, you want to have a distinct hierarchy of navigation, from your homepage to product categories to the products listed within them.

Search engine bots will discover your pages and products on your website based on a clear internal linking structure that is easy to follow and not too deep.

The rule of thumb for search engines and visitors is to make sure people can reach everything within three clicks. From the homepage, they should only have to make a maximum of three clicks to get to any product on your website.

Internal Linking

Internal links serve two main purposes:

  • Boosting e-commerce SEO by showing how pages are related to one another
  • Increasing time on site by encouraging visitors to further explore your site

Linking to related products or to information-rich blog articles can help improve ecommerce SEO and make your site more tempting for deep dives.

Optimize Product Pages

Product pages are the lifeblood of your business, so you will want to focus a lot of your energy on optimizing them. Many ecommerce store owners simply write a few lines of text about each product and throw up an image or video.

You need more information on your product pages so Google can find them. Here are the specific things you want to work on.

Product Name

The name of your product is important. In most cases, it’s also used in the SEO title and URL of your product page. This is why you may want to consider adding a common search term or keyword phrase to your products.

For example, if you are selling T-shirts, be sure to include “T-shirt” or “tee” in the product name. That way, the keyword also ends up in the SEO title and URL.

Image Optimization

Images are an important part of your product page. Stand in your customer’s shoes for a moment. Are you more likely to buy a product from a site that clearly depicts the product from as many angles as possible, from a site that has no image at all, or from one that is small and illegible?

Not only are images important for your customers, but they are important for search optimization.

Video

Help your customer feel more confident about their purchases by also adding video to your product page. The video can be basic information about your product (like a commercial), a how-to video on ways to use the product to get results, or testimonials from people who have used the product.

Publishing videos offsite on networks like YouTube can be a great way to attract and educate potential customers about your products.

Customer Reviews

Reviews are another way to boost customer confidence in your product, so if you have a good product, be sure to allow them.

Bad reviews aren’t always a bad thing either. Think about it – if you have a higher priced item that has great reviews, and a lower priced item with so-so reviews, then people will be more likely to choose the higher priced item, resulting in greater sales for your business.

FAQ Content

Do people ask questions about your products? Of course they do. Having product-specific FAQ content on your product pages is a key to conversions.

If customers have questions that you don’t answer, they’ll go somewhere else to find those answers and likely buy from the source that answers the questions.

Having a general FAQ page on your website is also a good idea. Answering basic questions about your website’s security, shipping, and return policies can increase buyer confidence, leading to more sales.

Use Responsive Design

Reduce Page Load Speed

Page load speed is also a ranking signal, both for desktop and mobile. The faster your pages load, the better Google will rank you.

Create Backlinks for e-commerce SEO

Backlinks are another ranking signal Google uses to determine where your pages belong in the SERPs. The more backlinks you have from high-quality sites, the more authoritative your site becomes.

Building backlinks for ecommerce sites doesn’t have to be difficult. Guest posting on blogs related to your niche is one easy, white-hat way to build links. Simply email the owners of the blogs you’re interested in and offer them three or more ideas for potential guest posts.

Understanding SEO, Keyword Strategy

SEO stands for search engine optimization. Which is the art of ranking high on a search engine in the unpaid section, also known as the organic listings.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of optimizing your online content so that a search engine likes to show it as a top result for searches of a certain keyword.

  • Ensure these search engines understand who you are and what you offer.
  • Convince them that you are the most credible option for their users.
  • Make your content deliverable.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is often about making small modifications to parts of your website. When viewed individually, these changes might seem like incremental improvements, but when combined with other optimizations, they could have a noticeable impact on your site’s user experience and performance in organic search results. You’re likely already familiar with many of the topics in this guide, because they’re essential ingredients for any web page, but you may not be making the most out of them.

Search Engine Optimization brings you the most precious traffic (also known as organic traffic), which is “free” when a search engine shows your content to its users in the organic part of a SERP (Search Engine Results Page), you do not pay for the ranking. When the user clicks on the result and visits your site, you do not pay Google for a visit. And that briefly describes what is SEO used for.

Keywords

Keyword strategies are essential to developing winning search engine marketing campaigns. Your keyword strategy should involve selecting high-performing keywords that drive relevant traffic to your business. Choosing the right keywords for advertising can make all the difference in your campaigns, determining how well your advertisements rank on Google and other search engine platforms.

The best keyword strategies rely on highly relevant keywords, which are keywords that relate closely to your business or are associated with your industry.

Once you know the keywords you want to bid on, the next step in your keyword strategy involves crafting text ads that incorporate your keywords. When visitors click on your ads in the Search Engine Results Page (SERP), you pay the amount that you’ve bid on the keyword. This process is known as pay-per-click (PPC) advertising.

In SEO, we often refer to ‘keywords’ this is slightly misleading. ‘Search queries’ is a much better term. We are not looking at individual words; we are looking at combinations of words that express a problem or a question.

Appropriate format for its user

Relevant: Google aims to match the best answer to the question it has understood. That is relevancy in a nutshell.

Trustworthy: Google wants to send its users to content from a source it is confident will satisfy its user a credible brand or person it trusts.

Consumable: This is an awful word, and I apologize, but Google wants to send its users to the kind of content they want to engage with, in a format they can consume.

Keyword Strategy

A keyword strategy contains every decision you take based upon your findings in your keyword research project, whether it’s about the content you’re planning to write or how you are going to track the results in Analytics. Keyword strategy is about how you want to target those keywords, now and in the future.

Looking at data

Of course, analyzing data plays a big role in the success of your keyword strategy. Both before and after, Google Analytics provides invaluable insights into the performance of your site. Even Google Search Console can give a lot of stuff to think about and opportunities to pursue.

Looking at the search engines itself

Of course, while looking at your competitors, you’ll often use search engines to see how they are doing. Doing these types of searches can give you great insights into the strategy of your competitors. It also gives you a very good feel of what happens when you type in your main focus keyphrase. What’s the on-screen real estate like? Are there featured snippets you could target? Are there other types of rich results? Is there a local pack?

In some markets, if you track developments over time, you might see that search engines are increasingly giving answers that lead to no-click searches. Always keep an eye on search engines, but don’t go obsessing about every little algorithm update.

Looking at words

Words are at the center of everything. By doing keyword research, you should get great insights into the words people use to find what they are looking for. Now, you need to produce user-oriented content that fits their intent and goals perfectly.

Looking at competition

While writing up your keyword strategy you need to take a good look at your competitors. What are they doing? How well are they ranking for terms you’d like to attack? What kind of content do they have? Are there ways for you to improve on that? Have you thought about looking at the long tail?

Looking at yourself

A good keyword strategy starts with looking at yourself and your business. What are you doing and why? What are your goals? What’s your uniqueness in this world? What is the message you want to send? How’s your branding? Why would anyone want to visit your site? Better insights lead to a better understanding of what you want to achieve as to not waste resources. There’s no use focusing on the wrong things.

Looking at search intent

After you’ve fleshed out your uniqueness, it’s time to look at how. Search intent is the why behind the search that should lead to your site. Do you know your audience? Are people only looking for information or are they willing to buy stuff as well? Are there ways for you to target specific intents with focused content to influence this?

Targeting

Checking your analytics regularly to keep track of your SEO performance is incredibly important, but can’t have performance without content tailored to the specific needs and goals of your strategy. If you’ve ran through all the steps and did a thorough keyword research, you should have an idea of what you should target and how you should do that. You can use these insights to create the content you need to make a success of your strategy. There’s a lot you can do:

  • Make landing pages
  • Create specific types of content for the different search intents
  • Maybe make specific content to get featured snippets
  • Or maybe voice search is something that might fit your strategy
  • apps
  • Video

Update your keyword strategy

On the way, there’s a lot that can happen and your keyword strategy should take that into account. Regularly re-evaluate your keyword strategy. Have there been significant changes in the world around you that need to be assessed? It might be that your users’ language changed or that a new competitor is gobbling up market share. Keep an eye on things and adjust where necessary.

Link building Strategies

A solid link building strategy is key for reaching SEO success. There are many different approaches you can take towards SEO link building, and we’ve organized an assortment of various link building techniques to help you with your SEO strategy.

Link building, simply put, is the process of getting other websites to link back to your website. All marketers and business owners should be interested in building links to drive referral traffic and increase their site’s authority.

Improve your link building strategy with these link building tips and tricks. Read through and follow these guides and you’ll have a full-fledged link building campaign up and running in no time.

Link building is important because it is a major factor in how Google ranks web pages. Google notes that:

“In general, webmasters can improve the rank of their sites by increasing the number of high-quality sites that link to their pages.”

Imagine that we own a site promoting wind turbine equipment that we sell. We’re competing with another wind turbine equipment manufacturer. One of the ranking factors Google will look at in determining how to rank our respective pages is link popularity.

Steps.

  • Set up a project by entering your domain.
  • Add up to 10 keywords that you want to rank for.
  • Add up to 10 competitors to look up the best backlink prospects for your website.
  • Find prospects. Set up a strategy for each one and carry it out.
  • Reach out to the website owner within the Link Building tool interface.
  • Track your success.

Simple Link Building Strategies:

There are a number of link building strategies used to get external websites to link to yours:

  • Content Creation & Promotion: Create compelling, unique, high-quality content that people will naturally want to reference and link to, and tell people about it. You have to spread the word before you can expect anyone to find your content and link to it!
  • Reviews & Mentions: Put your product, service, or site in front of influencers in your industry, such as popular bloggers or people with a large social media following.
  • Links from Friends & Partners: Ask people you know and people you work with to link to your site. Remember that relevance matters; links from sites that are in the same general industry or niche as your site will have more value than links from random, unrelated sites.

Step 1: Get to know your audience

If you want your audience to grow, you need to find out how to expand your audience or how to find a new audience. You should, therefore, know two things: who is my audience right now and what does my ideal audience looks like. At Yoast.com for example, we started out with an audience mainly consisting of (web) developers, but we aspired to reach an audience consisting of a more general group of WordPress users (whilst keeping our initial developer’s audience). We adapted our content to this new group of people, but in order to reach these ‘new’ audiences, links from other websites to our new (less nerdy) content were also important. You should do some research in order to get to know your audience.

Step 2: Make a list of websites that appeal to your desired audience

If you have a clear picture of your present and desired audience in mind, you can make a list of websites that could possibly help you in reaching your new audience. Find those websites that already appeal to your desired audience. Links from these websites could help you to reach your new audience.

Step 3: Write amazing content

In order to get other websites to link to your content, your content simply has to be amazing. And more importantly, it should appeal to the audience you’re aspiring to make your readers or buyers. Make sure your pieces and articles are well structured and nicely written.

Step 4: Match content to websites

If you have written an awesome blog post, you should dive into the list you made as part of your growth strategy (step 2). Choose sites from that list that could possibly link to the article you have written. If you have a long tail keyword approach (writing about small and niche subjects) the number of websites that will be fit to link to your blog post will be small.

Make an effort to find those websites that really fit the specific topic of your blog post or article. These websites will probably be very willing to link, as your blog post really fits their content. More importantly, visitors that will come to your website following that link will really be interested in the topic of your article (making chances of conversion and recurring visits much higher).

Step 5: Reach out

If you’ve really put an effort in both writing content as well as finding websites that fit the content of your article, you should contact the website you would like to link to your site. Tell them about the content or product and ask them to write about it and link to it. Most people will be happy to write about your product if this means they’ll receive it for free! You can use email, but in many cases, Twitter or even a phone call is a great way to contact people as well. Make sure to reach out in a personal way, never send out automated emails.

Step 6: Use social media

If your content is original and well structured, you’ll be able to reach new audiences (and get links) by using social media as well. Make sure you tweet about your blog, perhaps send some tweets to specific persons of whom you think they may like your article. Facebook is also a great way to get exposure for your articles (maybe… even promote it a bit?). And as many people like, tweet and share your articles, you’re bound to receive some more links as well.

There are a few key factors to consider:

  • Anchor Text: One of the most important things search engines take into account in ranking a page is the actual text a linking page uses to talk about your content. So, if someone links to our Good Guys Wind Turbine Parts site with the text “wind turbine parts”, that will help us to rank highly for that keyword phrase, whereas if they had simply used text like “Good Guys LLC” to link to our site, we wouldn’t enjoy the same ranking advantage for the phrase “wind turbine parts”.
  • Quality of the Linking Page: Another factor taken into account is the quality of the page that is sending the link; search engines allow links from high-quality, trusted pages to count more in boosting rankings than questionable pages and sites.
  • Page the Link is Aimed at: Many times, when people talk about your site they’ll link to the home page. This makes it difficult for individual pages to achieve high rankings (because it’s so difficult for them to generate their own link equity).

Interlinking your pages in a few easy steps:

  • Keyword Research for Link Building: First, you need to utilize a keyword research tool to have numerous keywords suggested to you that are both relevant and popular.
  • Assign Keywords to Content: Next, you have to group your keywords strategically, creating a search-friendly information architecture.
  • Link Pages Using Targeted Anchor Text: The final step is to apply your keyword research to intelligent inter-linking; you do this by linking to content using the keywords you’ve discovered.

Assignment and Transfer of Insurance Policies

Assignment means a complete transfer of the ownership of the policy to some other person. Usually, assignment is done for the purpose of raising a loan from a bank or a financial institution.

Assignment is governed by Section 38 of the Insurance Act 1938 in India. Assignment can also be done in favour of a close relative when the policyholder wishes to give a gift to that relative. Such an assignment is done for “natural love and affection”. An example, a policyholder may assign his policy to his sister who is handicapped.

A policyholder who has policy on his own life can assign the policy to another person. However, a person to whom a policy has been assigned can reassign the policy to the policyholder or assign it to any other person. A nominee cannot make an assignment of the policy. Similarly, an assignee cannot make a nomination on the policy which is assigned to him.

When a policyholder assigns a policy, he loses all control on the policy. It is no longer his property. It is now the assignee’s property whether the policyholder is alive or dead, the assignee alone will get the policy money from the insurance company.

If the assignee dies, then his (assignee’s) legal heirs will be entitled to the policy money.

An assignment cannot be changed or cancelled. The assignee can of course, reassign the policy to the policyholder who assigned it to him. He can also assign the policy to any other person because it is now his property. We can think of a bank reassigning the policy to the policyholder when their loan is repaid.

If the assignee dies, the assignment does not get cancelled. The legal heirs of the assignee become entitled to the policy money. Assignment is a legal transfer of all the interests the policyholder has in the policy to the assignee.

Assignment can be made only after issue of the policy bond. The policyholder can either write out the wording on the policy bond (endorsement) or write it on a separate paper and get it stamped. (Stamp value is the same, as the stamp required for the policy Twenty paise per one thousand sum assured). When assignment is made by an endorsement on the policy bond, there is no need for stamp because the policy is already stamped.

Assignment can be made in favour of a minor person. But it would be advisable to appoint a guardian to receive the policy money if it becomes due during the minority of the assignee.

Exmp.

P agrees to sell his car to Q for Rs. 100. P assigns the right to receive the Rs. 100 to S. This may be done without the consent of Q. This is because Q is receiving his car, and it does not particularly matter to him, to whom the Rs. 100 is being handed as long as he is being absolved of his liability under the contract. However, notice may still be required to be given. Without such notice, Q would pay P, in spite of the fact that such right has been assigned to S. S would be a sufferer in such case.

In this case, that condition is being fulfilled since P has assigned his right to S. However, P may not assign S to be the seller. P cannot just transfer his duties under the contract to another. This is because Q has no guarantee as to the condition of S’s car. P entered into the contract with Q on the basis of the merits of P’s car, or any other personal qualifications of P. Such assignment may be done with the consent of all three parties P, Q, S, and by doing this, P is absolved of his liabilities under the contract.

Effect of Assignment

Immediately on the execution of an assignment of an insurance policy, the assignor forgoes all his rights, title and interest in the policy to the assignee. The premium or loan interest notices etc. in such cases will be sent to the assignee. However, the existence of obligations must not be assumed, when it comes to the assignment. It must be accompanied by evidence of the same. The party asserting such a personal obligation must prove the existence of an express assumption by clear and unequivocal proof.

Assignment of a contract to a third party destroys the privity of contract between the initial contracting parties. New privity is created between the assignee and the original contracting party. In the illustration mentioned above, the original contracting parties were P and Q. After the assignment, the new contracting parties are Q and S.

Revocation of Assignment

Assignment, once validly executed, can neither be revoked nor canceled at the option of the assignor. To do so, the insurance policy will have to be reassigned to the original assignor (the insured).

Exceptions to Assignment

There are some instances where the contract cannot be assigned to another.

  • Express provisions in the contract as to its non-assignability: Some contracts may include a specific clause prohibiting assignment. If that is so, then such a contract cannot be assigned. Assignability is the rule and the contrary is an exception.
  • Contracts which are of a personal nature Rights under a contract are assignable unless the contract is personal in its nature or the rights are incapable of assignment.
  • Pensions, PFs, military benefits etc.

Types of assignment

Assignment may take two forms:

  1. Conditional Assignment

It would be useful where the policyholder desires the benefit of the policy to go to a near relative in the event of his earlier death. It is usually effected for consideration of natural love and affection. It generally provides for the right to revert the policyholder in the event of the assignee predeceasing the policyholder or the policyholder surviving to the date of maturity.

  1. Absolute Assignment

This assignment is generally made for valuable consideration. It has the effect of passing the title in the policy absolutely to the assignee and the policyholder in no way retains any interest in the policy. The absolute assignee can deal with the policy in any manner he likes and may assign or transfer his interest to another person.

Assignment under various laws in India

There is no separate law in India which deals with the concept of assignment. Instead, several laws have codified it under different laws. Some of them have been discussed as follows:

Under the Indian Contract Act

There is no express provision for the assignment of contracts under the Indian Contract Act. Section 37 of the Act provides for the duty of parties of a contract to honour such contract (unless the need for the same has been done away with). This is how the Act attempts to introduce the concept of assignment into Indian commercial law. It lays down a general responsibility on the “representatives” of any parties to a contract that may have expired before the completion of the contract.

An exception to this may be found from the contract, e.g. contracts of a personal nature. Representatives of a deceased party to a contract cannot claim privity to that contract while refusing to honour such contract. Under this Section, “representatives” would also include within its ambit, transferees and assignees.

Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act applies to cases where a contract is performed by a third party and not the original parties to the contract. It applies to cases of assignment. A promisee accepting performance of the promise from a third person cannot afterwards enforce it against the promisor. He cannot attain double satisfaction of its claim, i.e., from the promisor as well as the third party which performed the contract. An essential condition for the invocation of this Section is that there must be actual performance of the contract and not of a substituted promise.

Under the Insurance Act

The creation of assignment of life insurance policies is provided for, under Section 38 of the Insurance Act, 1938.

Endorsement has to be made on the policy or on a separate document, signed by assignor (or agent authorized by him), attested by at least one witness specifying the fact of the assignment. The assignment is complete and effectual with the execution of such a document. However, it will not be operative against the insurer (no assignee has the right to sue for any policy amount from the insurer) unless the above-mentioned endorsement or separate policy has been delivered to the insurer.

When the insurer receives the endorsement or notice, the fact of assignment shall be recorded with all details (date of receipt of notice also used to prioritise simultaneous claims, the name of assignee etc). Upon request, and for a fee of an amount not exceeding Re. 1, the insurer shall grant a written acknowledgment of the receipt of such assignment, thereby conclusively proving the fact of his receipt of the notice or endorsement. Now, the insurer shall recognize only the assignee as the legally valid party entitled to the insurance policy.

Under the Transfer of Property Act

Indian law as to assignment of life policies before the Insurance Act, 1938 was governed by Sections 130, 131, 132 and 135 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 under Chapter VIII of the Act – Of Transfers of Actionable Claims. Section 130 of the Transfer of Property Act states that nothing contained in that Section is to affect Section 38 of the Insurance Act.

Section 130 of the Transfer of Property Act

An actionable claim may be transferred only by fulfilling the following steps:

  • Execution of an instrument
  • In writing
  • Signed by a transferor (or his authorized agent)

Dispute Resolution mechanism, Insurance ombudsman

If unsuccessful or dissatisfied with the insurer’s internal grievance redressal system, the aggrieved insured can register their complaint on IRDAI’s Integrated Grievance Management System. Post-registration, IRDAI forwards the complaint to the concerned insurer. If a resolution is not achieved in 15 days, the insured has the option of escalating and sending the complaint for re-examination or approaching the Insurance Ombudsman/civil court/consumer forum.

Section 89 of the CPC embraces a provision for the settlement of disputes outside court. All cases that are filed in court need not necessarily be decided by the court itself. Considering the time taken for legal proceedings and the limited number of judges available, it has become imperative to resort to an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism with a view to end litigation between parties at an early date. The ADR mechanism as contemplated by Section 89 is arbitration, conciliation or judicial settlement, including settlement through a Lok Adalat (a mode of ADR) or mediation. There is usually a mediation cell associated with each court.

Arbitration

The ACA is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. The ACA preserves party autonomy in relation to most aspects of arbitration, such as the freedom to agree upon the qualification, nationality and number of arbitrators (provided this is not an even number), the place of arbitration and the procedure to be followed by the tribunal. The principle of party autonomy has recently been confirmed by the Supreme Court in a number of cases. The decisions restrict the scope of the Indian courts to intervene in respect of those arbitrations where the seat is non-Indian.

The Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act 2015 amended the ACA. This Act makes the ACA a preferred reference for settlement of commercial disputes, as it not only sets out strict timelines for completion of the arbitral proceedings but also permits parties to choose to conduct arbitration proceedings in a fast-track manner, with the award being granted within six months. In addition to the foregoing, a cost regime with regard to providing the costs of arbitration proceedings to a successful party has also been set out.

The ACA expressly bars the courts from intervening in an arbitral proceeding except to the extent this is provided for in the Act itself. For example:

  • Where a party files an action before a court in spite of an arbitration agreement, the other party can apply to that court to refer the dispute to arbitration instead;
  • A party can apply to a court for interim remedies;
  • A party can seek the court’s assistance for the appointment of an arbitrator if the other party refuses to cooperate in the process;
  • A party can seek the court’s assistance for recording evidence; and
  • The court can set aside an award in an arbitral proceeding where it has been passed following material errors of jurisdiction or in prejudice of the public interest. The court’s power is limited in this regard, and it cannot interfere in the reasoning given for arriving at the award.
  • ADR

The ACA recognises arbitration and conciliation as valid forms of ADR.

  • Mediation

The courts may direct the parties to refer their disputes to ADR with the parties’ consent. There are a number of mediation cells associated with the courts. The mediator is either selected by the parties or by the court. The mediator acts as a facilitator to encourage parties to settle their disputes. However, unlike arbitration, the mediation process is not binding on either party. The Commercial Courts Act contemplates compulsory mediation between the parties prior to filing of a suit unless urgent interim relief is sought.

Ombudsman

The Insurance Ombudsman scheme was created by the Government of India for individual policyholders to have their complaints settled out of the courts system in a cost-effective, efficient and impartial way.

There are at present 17 Insurance Ombudsman in different locations and any person who has a grievance against an insurer, may himself or through his legal heirs, nominee or assignee, make a complaint in writing to the Insurance ombudsman within whose territorial jurisdiction the branch or office of the insurer complained against or the residential address or place of residence of the complainant is located.

You can approach the Ombudsman with complaint if:

  • You have first approached your insurance company with the complaint and
  • They have rejected it
  • Not resolved it to your satisfaction or
  • Not responded to it at all for 30 days
  • Your complaint pertains to any policy you have taken in your capacity as an individual and
  • The value of the claim including expenses claimed is not above Rs 30 lakhs.

Your complaint to the Ombudsman can be about:

  1. a) Delay in settlement of claims, beyond the time specified in the regulations, framed under the IRDAI Act, 1999.
  2. b) Any partial or total repudiation of claims by the Life insurer, General insurer or the Health insurer.
  3. c) Any dispute about premium paid or payable in terms of insurance policy
  4. d) Misrepresentation of policy terms and conditions at any time in the policy document or policy contract.
  5. e) Legal construction of insurance policies in so far as the dispute relates to claim.
  6. f) Policy servicing related grievances against insurers and their agents and intermediaries.
  7. g) Issuance of life insurance policy, general insurance policy including health insurance policy which is not in conformity with the proposal form submitted by the proposer.
  8. h) Non issuance of insurance policy after receipt of premium in life insurance and general insurance including health insurance and
  9. i) Any other matter resulting from the violation of provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938 or the regulations, circulars, guidelines or instructions issued by the IRDAI from time to time or the terms and conditions of the policy contract, in so far as they relate to issues mentioned at clauses (a) to (f).

Award:

  • If a settlement by recommendation does not work, the Ombudsman will:
  • Pass an award within 3 months of receiving all the requirements from the complainant and which will be binding on the insurance company

Once the Award is passed

  • The Insurer shall comply with the award within 30 days of the receipt of award and intimate the compliance of the same to the Ombudsman.

There is no appellate authority governing Ombudsman order. The order is final & binding.

Insurance Grievance redressal, Claim settlement, Key feature document

Insurance Grievance redressal

A grievance is defined as any communication that expresses dissatisfaction about an action or lack of action, about the standard of service / deficiency of service of an insurance company and / or any intermediary or seeks remedial action.

Every insurer must ensure a grievance redressal mechanism is in place for providing excellent customer service which in turn is the most important tool for business growth.

Grievance redressal is based on the following principles

Customers are treated fairly at all times

Complaints raised by customers are dealt with an open mind, with courtesy

Customers are informed through policy document of avenues of escalation process of their complaints and grievances within the organization

To treat all complaints efficiently and fairly as they can damage the company’s reputation and business if not handled properly.

IRDAI has through various regulations mandated the following requirements to be complied with by all insurers

  1. Ensure a board approved grievance redressal policy document is in place
  2. All complaints must be logged in through IGMS(Integrated Grievance Management System portal) of the authority
  3. Every insurer must have grievance redressal officer (GRO) whose contact details are provided in all the communication with the policy holder
  4. Insurer must abide by the grievance redressal guidelines advised by IRDAI
  5. Regular reporting of all category of complaints & reconciliation of pending complaints is order of the day
  6. The category of complaints number, intermediary involved, action taken, RCA (root cause analysis) to be placed before the committee of policy holder protection of interest at every meeting for discussion & directions

Policy holder can lodge a complaint in any of the manner as listed below

If one are unhappy with the insurance company procedures or claim settlement, one can

  • Approach the Grievance Redressal Officer of its branch or any other office that one deals with. All formal mail IDs of Grievance Redressal Officers, GRO, of all insurance companies is made available in IRDAI portal:  policyholder.gov.in
  • Complaint in writing along with the necessary support documents to be provided
  • Written acknowledgement of complaint  date to be obtained.

The insurance company should deal with all complaint within 15 days.

Insurance Ombudsmen

With an objective to provide a forum for resolving disputes and complaints from the aggrieved insured public or their legal heirs against Insurance Companies, the Government of India, in exercise of powers conferred on it u/s 114(1) of Insurance Act, 1938 framed “Redressal of Public Grievances Rules, 1998“, which came into force w.e.f. 11th November, 1998. These Rules aim at resolving complaints relating to the settlement of disputes with Insurance Companies on personal lines of insurance, in a cost effective, efficient and impartial manner. These Rules apply to all the Insurance Companies operating in General Insurance business and Life Insurance business, in Public and Private Sectors.

To implement the above Rules, the Institution of Insurance Ombudsman has been established and is functioning since 1999. The Ombudsman functions within a set geographical jurisdiction and can entertain  disputes relating to partial/total repudiation of claims, delay in settlement of claims, any dispute on the legal construction of the policies in so far as such disputes relate to claims, disputes regarding premium paid or payable in terms of the policy and non-issuance of insurance documents.

The Insurance Ombudsman is provided with a Secretarial Staff by the Governing Body of Insurance Council and such staff is drawn from Insurance Companies. The total expenses on running the Institution are shared by all Insurance Companies, who are Members of the Insurance Council. 

The Insurance Ombudsman scheme was created by the Government of India for individual policyholders to have their complaints settled out of the courts system in a cost-effective, efficient and impartial way.

There are Insurance Ombudsman in different locations and any person who has a grievance against an insurer, may himself or through his legal heirs, nominee or assignee, make a complaint in writing to the Insurance ombudsman within whose territorial jurisdiction the branch or office of the insurer complained against or the residential address or place of residence of the complainant is located.

Complaint is to be lodged with the Insurance Ombudsman under whose territorial jurisdiction the insurer’s office falls, at the address provided in website / insurer communication which includes policy document.

Policyholders can approach the Ombudsman with complaint if:

 He has first approached your insurance company with the complaint and

  • they have rejected it
  • not resolved it to your satisfaction or not responded to it at all for 30 days
  • complaint pertains to any policy you have taken in your capacity as an individual and
  • the value of the claim including expenses claimed is not above Rs 20 lakhs.

Complaint to the Ombudsman can be about:

  1. a)    Delay in settlement of claims, beyond the time specified in the regulations, framed under the IRDAI Act, 1999.
  2. b)    Any partial or total repudiation of claims by the Life insurer, General insurer or the Health insurer.
  3. c)     Any dispute about premium paid or payable in terms of insurance policy
  4. d)    Misrepresentation of policy terms and conditions at any time in the policy document or policy contract.
  5. e)    Legal construction of insurance policies in so far as the dispute relates to claim.
  6. f)     Policy servicing related grievances against insurers and their agents and intermediaries.
  7. g)    Issuance of life insurance policy, general insurance policy including health insurance policy which is not in conformity with the proposal form submitted by the proposer.
  8. h)    Non issuance of insurance policy after receipt of premium in life insurance and general insurance including health insurance and
  9. i)      Any other matter resulting from the violation of provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938 or the regulations, circulars, guidelines or instructions issued by the IRDAI from time to time or the terms and conditions of the policy contract, in so far as they relate to issues mentioned at clauses (a) to (f)

 The Ombudsman will act as mediator and 

  • Arrive at a fair recommendation based on the facts of the dispute
  • If you accept this as a full and final settlement, the Ombudsman will
  • Inform the company which should comply with the terms in 15 days

 Award:

  • If a settlement by recommendation does not work, the Ombudsman will:
  • Pass an award within 3 months of receiving all the requirements from the complainant and which will be binding on the insurance company

Claim settlement

Claim settlement is one of the most important services that an insurance company can provide to its customers. Insurance companies have an obligation to settle claims promptly. You will need to fill a claim form and contact the financial advisor from whom you bought your policy. Submit all relevant documents such as original death certificate and policy bond to your insurer to support your claim. Most claims are settled by issuing a cheque within 7 days from the time they receive the documents. However, if your insurer is unable to deal with all or any part of your claim, you will be notified in writing.

Types of claims

Maturity Claim: On the date of maturity life insured is required to send maturity claim / discharge form and original policy bond well before maturity date to enable timely settlement of claim on or before due dates. Most companies offer/issue post dated cheques and/ or make payment through ECS credit on the maturity date. Incase of delay in settlement kindly refer to grievance redressal.

Death Claim (including rider claim): In case of death claim or rider claim the following procedure should be followed.

Follow these four simple steps to file a claim:

  • Claim intimation/notification

The claimant must submit the written intimation as soon as possible to enable the insurance company to initiate the claim processing. The claim intimation should consist of basic information such as policy number, name of the insured, date of death, cause of death, place of death, name of the claimant. The claimant can also get a claim intimation/notification form from the nearest local branch office of the insurance company or their insurance advisor/agent. Alternatively, some insurance companies also provide the facility of downloading the form from their website.

  1. Documents required for claim processing
    The claimant will be required to provide a claimant’s statement, original policy document, death certificate, police FIR and post mortem exam report (for accidental death), certificate and records from the treating doctor/hospital (for death due to illness) and advance discharge form for claim processing. Based on the sum at risk, cause of death and policy duration, insurance companies may also request some additional documents.

  1. Submission of required documents for claim processing
    For faster claim processing, it is essential that the claimant submits complete documentation as early as possible. A life insurer will not be able to take a decision until all the requirements are complete. Once all relevant documents, records and forms have been submitted, the life insurer can take a decision about the claim.
  2. Settlement of claim
    As per the regulation 14 (2)(i) of the IRDAI (Policy holder’s Interest) Regulations, 2017, the insurer is required to settle a claim within 30 days of receipt of all documents including clarification sought by the insurer. However, the insurance company can set a practice of settling the claim even earlier. If the claim requires further investigation, the insurer has to complete its procedures expeditiously, in any case not later than 90 days from the date of receipt of claim intimation and claim shall be settled within 30 days thereafter.

Claim Intimation

In case a claim arises you should:

  • Contact the respective life insurance branch office.
  • Contact your insurance advisor.
  • Call the respective Customer Helpline.

Claim Requirements

For death claim:

  • * Death Certificate
    * Original Policy Bond
    * Claim Forms issued by the insurer along with supporting documents

For maturity claims:

  • * Original Policy Bond.
    * Maturity Claim Form
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