by Interest Income
Interest that gets accumulated in your savings bank account must be declared in your tax return under income from other sources. Do note that bank does not deduct TDS on savings bank interest. Interest from both fixed deposit and recurring deposits is taxable while interest from savings bank account and post office deposits are tax-deductible to a certain extent. But they are shown under income from other sources. Interest income from a savings bank account or a fixed deposit or from a post office savings account are all shown under this head.
Deduction on Interest Income Under Section 80TTA
For a residential individual (age of 60 years or less) or HUF, interest earned upto Rs 10,000 in a financial year is exempt from tax. The deduction is allowed on interest income earned from:
- Savings account with a bank.
- Savings account with a co-operative society carrying on the business of banking.
- Savings account with a post office.
Avoiding TDS on Fixed Deposits
Banks are required to deduct tax when interest income from deposits held in all the bank branches put together is more than Rs.40,000 in a year (Prior to FY 2019-20, it was Rs.10,000). A 10% TDS is deducted if PAN details are available. It is 20% if the bank does not have your PAN details. The details of TDS deducted on Fixed Deposit Interest is in the Form 26AS. If your total income is below the taxable limit, you can avoid tax deduction on fixed deposits by submitting Form 15G and Form 15H to the bank requesting them not to deduct any TDS. Form 15H is for senior citizens (60 years or older); Form 15G is for everybody else. These forms are for residents only and for those whose taxes add up to zero. These forms must be submitted at the start of the financial year. If you missed submitting them, then you can claim a refund by filing an income tax return. These forms are valid for one year only. Therefore, they must be submitted each year to keep banks from deducting tax.
Tax on Fixed Deposits
Fixed deposit interest that you receive is added along with other income that you have such as salary or professional income, and you’ll have to pay tax on that income at a tax rate that’s applicable to you. TDS is deducted on interest income when it is earned, though it may not have been paid. Example: The bank will deduct TDS on interest accrued each year on a FD for 5 years. Therefore, it is advisable to pay your taxes on an annual basis instead of doing it only when the FD matures. Senior citizens, with effect from 1 April 2018, will enjoy an income tax exemption upto Rs 50,000 on the interest income they receive from fixed deposits with banks, post offices etc under Section 80TTB.
Dividend
Dividend usually refers to the distribution of profits by a company to its shareholders.
However, in view of Section 2(22) of the Income-tax Act, the dividend shall also include the following:
(a) Distribution of accumulated profits to shareholders entailing release of the company’s assets.
(b) Distribution of debentures or deposit certificates to shareholders out of the accumulated profits of the company and issue of bonus shares to preference shareholders out of accumulated profits.
(c) Distribution made to shareholders of the company on its liquidation out of accumulated profits.
(d) Distribution to shareholders out of accumulated profits on the reduction of capital by the company.
(e) Loan or advance made by a closely held company to its shareholder out of accumulated profits.
Tax rate on dividend income
The dividend income shall be chargeable to tax at normal tax rates as applicable in case of an assessee except where a resident individual, being an employee of an Indian company or its subsidiary engaged in Information technology, entertainment, pharmaceutical or bio-technology industry, receives dividend in respect of GDRs issued by such company under an Employees’ Stock Option Scheme. In such a case, dividend shall be taxable at concessional tax rate of 10% without providing for any deduction under the Income-tax Act. However, the GDRs should be purchased by the employee in foreign currency.
Taxable in the hands of resident shareholder
A person can deal in securities either as a trader or as an investor. The income earned by him from the trading activities is taxable under the head business income. Thus, if shares are held for trading purposes then the dividend income shall be taxable under the head business or profession. Whereas, if shares are held as an investment, then income arising in nature of dividend shall be taxable under the head other sources.
The income, taxable under the head PGBP, is computed in accordance with the method of accounting regularly followed by the assessee. For the purpose of computation of business income, a taxpayer can follow either mercantile system of accounting or cash basis of accounting. However, the method of accounting employed by the assessee does not affect the basis of charge of dividend income as Section 8 of the Act provides that final dividend including deemed dividend shall be taxable in the year in which it is declared, distributed or paid by the company, whichever is earlier. Whereas, interim dividend is taxable in the previous year in which the amount of such dividend is unconditionally made available by the company to the shareholder. In other words, interim dividend is chargeable to tax on receipt basis.
