by Statement of Affairs
A statement of affairs is a document that shows the overall financial health of a business. It lists the assets, liabilities and capital of a business. A statement of affairs is prepared at the beginning and end of the financial year so business owners can get a sense of their opening or closing capital i.e. the money a business has to fund its day-to-day operation.
There are two sections in a statement of affairs: the left section is for current liabilities and the right section is for current assets. Opening or closing capital (also called “net assets”) is calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.
Statements of affairs are usually prepared by small businesses that use a single-entry system and only use cash and credit accounts. This means they can’t produce a balance sheet, which is similar to a statement of affairs but used in double-entry bookkeeping. Assets and liabilities must balance (match) on a balance sheet for it to be accurate, which is why it’s considered a more reliable document than a statement of affairs.
The conversion method involves converting your accounting from a single-entry system to a double-entry system. Small businesses usually start out by using single-entry bookkeeping. This method is a simpler way to track their income and expenses.
That said, double-entry bookkeeping is a more reliable system that growing small businesses need to adopt. This system allows business owners to produce a document called a trial balance that will let you check if your entries are correct.
The conversion method requires making a statement of affairs, posting transactions in accounting software as both a debit and credit and checking your work via a trial balance and income statement. Two separate bank accounts also need to be opened for expenses and income.
The conversion method is the process of converting a business’s accounting from single-entry to double-entry.
New small businesses often use single-entry bookkeeping as a quick and simple way to record their income and expenses. Single-entry bookkeeping only uses three accounts: bank, cash and personal. Reports like a balance sheet, Trial Balance or Income Statements can’t be produced from single-entry transactions.
Small businesses can use the conversion method to take advantage of the double-entry system’s advanced reporting capabilities.
Double-entry bookkeeping is also considered more reliable. Because double entry bookkeeping records each transaction as both a debit and credit, a Trial Balance can be produced that lets a business owner check if the transactions are correct and make sure total income and expenditure balance (match).
Steps to Convert Single-Entry to Double-Entry Bookkeeping
Using the conversion method to take your accounts from single-entry to double-entry bookkeeping can be performed by a small business owner alone. That said, an accountant should look over your work to make sure it’s accurate and any mistakes won’t be compounded over time.
Prepare an Opening Statement of Affairs
A statement of affairs is a document that shows the assets and liabilities of a business within a certain accounting period (for example, year to date). Subtracting total liabilities from total assets determines working capital i.e., the business’ overall financial health.
Prepare your statement of affairs by making a table with two columns: current liabilities on the left and current assets on the right. Then list each.
Liabilities can include:
- Accounts payable (your unpaid invoices)
- Taxes payable
- Loans payable
- Credit cards payable
Assets can include:
- Cash on hand
- Accounts receivable (outstanding invoices)
- Equipment value
- Reimbursable expenses
Post All Transactions in A Double-Entry Journal System
Now it’s time to enter your transactions in a double-entry journal system, so go ahead and download or upgrade your accounting software.
First, enter an opening journal entry of your total assets, liabilities and resulting working capital using information from your statement of affairs.
Then, enter all your expenses and sales in your Cash Account.
We’ll also need to prepare the following accounts:
- Total Debtors Account
- Total Creditors Account
- Bills Receivable Account
- Bills Payable Account.
Nominal accounts for expenses and revenue need to be created too using information from the Cash Account. Nominal accounts are temporary accounts that are closed at year end and are restarted at the beginning of a new financial year with zero value.
Divide Your Expenses and Income Bank Accounts
Open two new bank accounts: one for expenses and one for income. This will help keep your accounts straight. Each account will have corresponding credit and debit entries in your accounting system both in the ledgers and journal.
Run A Trial Balance
Running a trial balance of your journal and ledger lets you check if your entries are right. A trial balance shows the total of all credits and debits in your business’s accounts. The sum of the credits and debits for each account should match, otherwise you need to go back and check your entries for errors.
