Inflation Accounting

Inflation accounting comprises a range of accounting models designed to correct problems arising from historical cost accounting in the presence of high inflation and hyperinflation. For example, in countries experiencing hyperinflation the International Accounting Standards Board requires corporations to implement financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power in terms of the monthly published Consumer Price Index. This does not result in capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power since that can only be achieved in terms of a daily index.

Inflation Accounting Methods

There are two main methods used as inflationary accounting methods. The first is current purchasing power (CCP), and the second, being current cost accounting (CCA).

The current purchasing power method involves adjusting the financial statements and associated numbers to the current price. For non-monetary items, this is done by taking the historical figures and applying a specific conversion rate based on a price index.

The conversion rate is found by dividing the index price at the end of the period by the index price at the beginning of the period. Monetary items are subject to a net gain or loss during adjustment.

The current cost accounting method takes the fair market value (FMV) instead of the historical cost. With this method, all monetary and non-monetary assets must be adjusted to their current values.

Current Purchasing Power (CPP)

Under the CPP method, monetary items and non-monetary items are separated. The accounting adjustment for monetary items is subject to the recording of a net gain or loss. Non-monetary items (those that do not carry a fixed value) are updated into figures with a conversion factor equivalent to price index at the end of the period divided by price index at the date of transaction.

Current Cost Accounting (CCA)

The CCA approach values assets at their fair market value (FMV) rather than historical cost, the price incurred during the purchase of the fixed asset. Under the CCA, both monetary and non-monetary items are restated to current values.

The Inflation Accounting Process

The measurement of income from continuing operations on a current cost basis requires the accountant to complete the following steps:

  • Measure the cost of goods sold as of the date sold, using either its current cost or lower recoverable amount, or when those resources are used on or at least committed to a designated contract.
  • Measure depreciation, amortization, and depletion based on either the average current cost of the service potential of the underlying fixed assets or their lower recoverable amount during the usage period.

Database Accounting

A database is a shared collection of inter-related data tables which meet the various informational needs of an organization. Thus, an accounting database stores the accounting data. It is a collection of accounting data which is inter-related to depict the various aspects of the accounting information system.

Business Documents Bangalore University B.com 1st Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Documents & Transactions {Book}
Preparation of Invoice, Receipts, Voucher VIEW
Delivery Challan, Entry cum Gate Pass VIEW
Debit and Credit Note VIEW
Transactions: Receipts VIEW VIEW
Vouchers VIEW
Debit Note, Credit Note VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 2 Banking Transaction Documents {Book}
Banking VIEW
Drawings, Endorsing of Cheques VIEW VIEW
Crossing of Cheques VIEW
Filling up of pay in slips VIEW
Application and Preparation of Demand Drafts VIEW
Pass Book VIEW
Account opening form for SB account VIEW
Current account and Term Deposits VIEW
Fixed Deposit account and FD Receipts VIEW
Bills of Exchange VIEW
Promissory Note VIEW

 

Unit 3 Insurance Transaction Documents {Book}
Filling up of an application form of LIC policy, Premium form VIEW
Premium Notice and Challan for remittance receipts VIEW
Procedure for lapsed policy VIEW
Procedure for settling an account while the insured is alive or dead VIEW

 

Unit 4 {Book}
Circulars VIEW
Notice VIEW VIEW
Memo VIEW
Agenda VIEW
Minute of meetings VIEW
Resolutions VIEW
Stock list VIEW
Offer letter, Appointment letter VIEW
Quotation VIEW
Purchase order, Sales order VIEW
Payroll Reports VIEW

 

Financial Literacy Bangalore University B.com 1st Semester NEP Notes

Unit 1 Introduction to Financial Literacy {Book}

Meaning, importance and scope of financial literacy VIEW VIEW
Prerequisites of Financial Literacy, Level of education, Numerical and Communication ability VIEW
Various financial institutions:
Bank VIEW VIEW
Insurance Companies VIEW VIEW
Post Offices VIEW
Mobile App based services VIEW
Need of availing of financial services from Banks, Insurance companies and Postal services VIEW
Unit 2 Financial Planning and Budgeting {Book} VIEW
Meaning, Importance and Need for financial planning VIEW VIEW
Personal Budget, Family Budget, Business Budget VIEW
Procedure for financial planning and Preparing budget VIEW VIEW
Avenues for savings from surplus VIEW VIEW

 

Unit 3 Banking Services {Book}
Types of banks VIEW
Banking Products and Services VIEW VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Types of Bank Deposit Accounts VIEW VIEW
VIEW VIEW
Savings Bank Account, Recurring Deposit, PPF, NSC etc. VIEW
Term Deposit, Current Account VIEW
Formalities to open various types of bank accounts, PAN Card, Address proof, VIEW
KYC norm VIEW
Various types of loans VIEW
Short term, VIEW
Medium term, Long term Loan VIEW
Micro finance VIEW VIEW
Interest rates offered by various Nationalized banks and post office VIEW
Cashless banking VIEW
e-banking VIEW
Check Counterfeit Currency VIEW
CIBIL VIEW VIEW
ATM VIEW
Debit and Credit Card VIEW
APP based Payment system VIEW
Banking complaints and Ombudsman VIEW
Unified Payment Interface (UPI) VIEW
Unit 4 Post Office Financial Services {Book}
Post office Savings Schemes: Savings Bank, Recurring Deposit, Term Deposit, Monthly Income Scheme, Kishan Vikas Patra VIEW
Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) VIEW
Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana/ Account (SSY/SSA) VIEW
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) VIEW
Money Transfer: Money Order, E-Money order VIEW
Instant Money Order, Collaboration with the Western Union Financial Services VIEW
MO Videsh (Service Closed)
International Money Transfer Service VIEW
Electronic Clearance Services (ECS) VIEW
Money gram International Money Transfer VIEW
Indian Postal Order (IPO)
Unit 5 Protection and Investment Related Financial Services {Book}
Insurance Services: Life Insurance Policies: Life Insurance, Term Life Insurance VIEW
Endowment Policies VIEW
Pension Policies VIEW
ULIP VIEW
Health Insurance and its Plans VIEW VIEW
Property Insurance VIEW
Policies offered by various general insurance companies VIEW
Post office life Insurance Schemes: Postal Life Insurance and Rural Postal Life Insurance (PLI/RPLI) VIEW
Housing Loans: Institutions providing housing loans VIEW VIEW
Loans under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana; Rural and Urban VIEW
Investment avenues in Equity VIEW
Investment avenues in Debt Instruments VIEW VIEW
Portfolio Management: Meaning and importance VIEW VIEW
Share Market VIEW
Debt Market VIEW VIEW
Sensex and its significance VIEW
Investment in Shares VIEW
Mutual Fund VIEW
Systematic investment plan (SIP) VIEW

HR5.5 Performance Management

Unit 1 Introduction to Performance Management [Book]  
Performance Management VIEW VIEW
Performance Evaluation VIEW
Evolution of Performance Management VIEW
Definitions and Differentiation of Terms Related to Performance Management VIEW
What a Performance Management System Should Do VIEW
**Pre-Requisites of Performance Management VIEW
Importance of Performance Management VIEW
Linkage of Performance Management to Other HR Processes VIEW

 

Unit 2 Process of Performance Management [Book]  
Overview of Performance Management Process VIEW VIEW
Performance Management Process VIEW
Performance Management Planning Process VIEW
Mid-cycle Review Process, End-cycle Review Process VIEW
Performance Management Cycle at a Glance VIEW

 

Unit 3 Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Documentation [Book]  
The Need for Structure and Documentation VIEW
Manager’s, Employee’s Responsibility in Performance Planning Mechanics and Documentation VIEW
Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Creation of PM Document: VIEW
Performance Appraisal: Definitions and Dimensions of PA, Limitations VIEW
Purpose of Performance Appraisal and Arguments against Performance Appraisal, Importance of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Characteristics of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Performance Appraisal Process VIEW

 

Unit 4 Performance Appraisal Methods [Book]  
Performance Appraisal Methods VIEW
Traditional Methods, Modern Methods, 360 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal 720 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal of Bureaucrats; A New Approach VIEW

 

Unit 5 Issues in Performance Management [Book]  
Issues in Performance Management VIEW
Role of Line Managers in Performance Management VIEW
Performance Management and Reward Concepts VIEW
Linking Performance to Pay a Simple System Using Pay Band VIEW
Linking Performance to Total Reward VIEW
Challenges of Linking Performance and Reward VIEW
Facilitation of Performance Management System through Automation VIEW
Ethics in Performance Appraisal VIEW

Visual Merchandising, Principles, Strategies, Significance, Challenges, Trends

Visual Merchandising is a powerful and dynamic aspect of retail that involves the strategic presentation of products and the overall store environment to engage customers and enhance the shopping experience. It goes beyond the arrangement of products on shelves to encompass a holistic approach that considers aesthetics, branding, and customer psychology.

Visual merchandising is a dynamic and influential aspect of the retail landscape, contributing to the overall success of a store by shaping the customer experience, reinforcing brand identity, and driving sales. Embracing principles such as balance, storytelling, and color psychology, retailers can create visually stunning environments that resonate with customers on both emotional and practical levels. Strategic use of window displays, in-store arrangements, digital integration, and seasonal themes enhances the store’s appeal and keeps it relevant in a competitive market.

As retail continues to evolve, the role of visual merchandising remains paramount in capturing the attention of today’s discerning consumers. By staying attuned to market trends, incorporating sustainable practices, and embracing innovative technologies, retailers can create memorable and immersive shopping experiences that foster customer loyalty and set their brand apart in a visually saturated marketplace. Visual merchandising is not just about arranging products; it’s an art form that transforms retail spaces into compelling and inviting destinations, making every visit a unique and delightful experience for customers.

Principles of Visual Merchandising:

  • Balance and Harmony:

Visual merchandising aims to create a sense of balance and harmony in the store environment. This involves the strategic placement of products and displays to ensure that the overall visual composition is appealing and not overwhelming. Achieving balance enhances the aesthetic appeal of the space and contributes to a positive customer experience.

  • Focal Points:

Creating focal points within the store draws the customer’s attention to specific areas or products. These points serve as visual anchors and are strategically designed to guide the customer’s gaze. Focal points can be achieved through eye-catching displays, innovative product arrangements, or thematic elements that stand out amidst the surrounding environment.

  • Color Psychology:

Colors evoke emotions and influence customer behavior. Visual merchandisers leverage color psychology to create specific atmospheres within the store. For example, warm colors like red and orange can stimulate energy and excitement, while cool colors like blue and green evoke a sense of calm. Consistent color schemes contribute to brand identity and help establish a cohesive visual language.

  • Storytelling through Merchandising:

Visual merchandising is a storytelling tool that communicates the brand’s narrative to customers. By arranging products in a narrative sequence or thematic display, retailers can convey a lifestyle or a specific message. This storytelling approach engages customers on an emotional level, fostering a connection between the brand and the consumer.

  • Seasonal and Trend Integration:

Adapting visual merchandising to reflect seasonal changes and current trends keeps the store dynamic and relevant. Seasonal displays and trend-driven arrangements not only capture customer interest but also convey that the store is attuned to the evolving preferences of its clientele.

Strategies for Effective Visual Merchandising:

  1. Window Displays:

Window displays are a crucial component of visual merchandising, serving as the first point of contact between the store and potential customers. A well-designed window display captures attention, communicates the brand’s identity, and entices passersby to enter the store. Seasonal themes, storytelling, and innovative product arrangements are commonly employed in window displays.

  • Planograms:

Planograms are visual representations of how products should be arranged on shelves and displays. They ensure a cohesive and organized presentation of merchandise, making it easy for customers to navigate the store. Planograms consider factors such as product categories, spacing, and promotional areas, contributing to a visually pleasing and shopper-friendly environment.

  • In-Store Displays:

Strategically placed in-store displays can highlight specific products, promotions, or thematic collections. Endcaps, freestanding displays, and interactive installations are effective in catching the customer’s eye and encouraging exploration. These displays contribute to a dynamic and engaging shopping experience.

  • Digital Integration:

Incorporating digital elements into visual merchandising adds a modern and interactive dimension to the retail environment. Digital signage, interactive screens, and augmented reality (AR) displays can provide additional product information, showcase virtual try-ons, and offer immersive brand experiences. This integration aligns with the expectations of tech-savvy consumers.

  • Lighting Techniques:

Lighting is a powerful tool in visual merchandising, influencing the ambiance and highlighting specific areas or products. Well-executed lighting enhances the visibility of merchandise, contributes to the store’s overall atmosphere, and creates a sense of drama or focus. Considerations include the intensity, color temperature, and direction of lighting.

  • Seasonal Decor and Themes:

Adapting the store’s visual elements to reflect seasons, holidays, or specific themes adds a dynamic and festive touch. Seasonal decor not only keeps the store environment fresh and exciting but also encourages repeat visits from customers anticipating new and themed displays.

Significance of Visual Merchandising:

  • Enhanced Customer Experience:

Visual merchandising plays a pivotal role in shaping the customer experience. A well-designed and aesthetically pleasing store environment contributes to a positive and memorable shopping journey. Engaging displays, thoughtful arrangements, and a visually appealing ambiance create a sense of excitement and satisfaction for customers.

  • Brand Identity and Recognition:

Consistent visual merchandising reinforces brand identity and helps customers recognize and connect with a brand. From color schemes to thematic elements, the visual language employed in merchandising communicates the essence of the brand. This recognition fosters brand loyalty and encourages repeat business.

  • Increased Sales and Impulse Purchases:

Strategic visual merchandising has a direct impact on sales. Eye-catching displays, well-organized product arrangements, and effective signage influence customer behavior and purchasing decisions. By creating an environment that encourages exploration and showcases products effectively, retailers can stimulate impulse purchases and increase overall sales.

  • Differentiation in a Competitive Market:

In a saturated retail landscape, visual merchandising serves as a key differentiator. A unique and visually appealing store sets a brand apart from competitors and attracts attention. Creativity in presentation, innovative displays, and a curated aesthetic contribute to a distinctive brand image that resonates with customers.

  • Adaptability to Market Trends:

Visual merchandising allows retailers to stay agile and adapt to changing market trends. Whether incorporating seasonal themes, aligning with cultural events, or responding to emerging consumer preferences, a flexible visual merchandising strategy ensures that the store remains relevant and resonates with the target audience.

Challenges in Visual Merchandising:

  • Consistency across Channels:

Maintaining consistency in visual merchandising across physical stores, online platforms, and other channels can be challenging. Achieving a unified brand image requires coordination and attention to detail.

  • Balancing Innovation and Brand Identity:

Striking a balance between innovative displays and adherence to brand identity can be a challenge. While creativity is essential, it should align with the overarching brand message.

Trends in Visual Merchandising:

  • Sustainability in Merchandising:

Increasing consumer awareness of sustainability has led to a trend in eco-friendly visual merchandising. Use of recyclable materials, minimalistic displays, and emphasis on sustainable practices align with contemporary values.

  • Interactive and Immersive Experiences:

Retailers are increasingly incorporating interactive and immersive experiences into visual merchandising. Augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and interactive displays create engaging environments for customers.

  • Personalization:

Customizing visual displays based on customer data and preferences enhances the personalization of the shopping experience. Tailoring displays to specific customer segments contributes to a more targeted and effective strategy.

Influencing Customers through Visual Merchandising:

  • Window Displays

Window displays serve as the first point of engagement for potential customers. Creative, thematic, and eye-catching displays can attract passersby into the store. They set the tone for the brand and hint at what’s to come inside.

  • Store Layout and Flow

A well-thought-out store layout guides customers through the space, ensuring they encounter key products and displays. The layout should facilitate a logical and enjoyable shopping experience, encouraging exploration and discovery.

  • Product Grouping

Grouping related products together, known as “product storytelling,” can inspire customers to purchase additional items that complement their initial choice. This approach can also help in highlighting new collections or promoting seasonal items.

  • Lighting

Effective lighting highlights products, creates ambiance, and directs customers’ attention to key areas within the store. Different lighting techniques can be used to accentuate certain products or create a particular mood that aligns with the brand image.

  • Color Psychology

Colors can significantly influence consumer behavior and emotional responses. Using colors effectively in visual merchandising can attract attention, evoke emotions, and impact buying decisions. For instance, red can create a sense of urgency, while blue can evoke trust.

  • Signage and Graphics

Clear, coherent, and branded signage and graphics can communicate key information, guide customers through the store, and reinforce brand identity. Effective signage enhances the shopping experience by making it easier for customers to find what they need.

  • Interactive Displays

Incorporating interactive elements, such as touch screens, QR codes, or augmented reality, can engage customers more deeply, providing them with additional product information, and creating a memorable shopping experience.

  • Sensory Experiences

Engaging multiple senses through visual merchandising can enhance the customer experience. This includes not just visual elements, but also tactile experiences (e.g., product textures), scents, and sounds that align with the brand and product offering.

  • Seasonality and Trends

Updating visual merchandising elements to reflect seasonal changes, holidays, and current trends keeps the retail environment fresh and relevant. This not only attracts repeat visits but also signals to customers that the brand is up-to-date and responsive to consumer needs.

  • Cross-Merchandising

Placing complementary products from different categories together can encourage additional purchases. For example, displaying accessories near clothing items suggests complete outfits, increasing the likelihood of multiple item purchases.

  • Focal Points

Creating focal points within the store draws attention to specific products or promotions. This can be achieved through strategic product placement, distinct lighting, or unique displays.

  • Personalization

Tailoring visual merchandising strategies to the target audience ensures that the presentation resonates with the intended demographic. Understanding customer preferences and behaviors allows for more effective and personalized visual communication.

List of Accounting Standards issued by ASB

List of Mandatory Accounting Standards of ICAI (as on 1 July 2017 and onwards), is as under:

  1. AS 1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies: This Standard deals with the disclosure of significant accounting policies which are followed in preparing and presenting financial statements.
  2. AS 2 Valuation of Inventories: This Standard deals with the determination of value at which inventories are carried in the financial statements, including the ascertainment of cost of inventories and any write-down thereof to net realisable value.
  3. AS 3 Cash Flow Statements: This Standard deals with the provision of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an enterprise by means of a Cash Flow Statement which classifies cash flows during the period from operating, investing and financing activities.
  4. AS 4 Contingencies and Events Occurring After Balance Sheet Date: This Standard deals with the treatment of contingencies and events occurring after the balance sheet date.
  5. AS 5 Net profit or Loss for the period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies: This Standard should be applied by an enterprise in presenting profit or loss from ordinary activities, extraordinary items and prior period items in the Statement of Profit and Loss, in accounting for changes in accounting estimates, and in disclosure of changes in accounting policies.
  6. AS 7 Construction Contracts: This Standard prescribes the accounting for construction contracts in the financial statements of contractors.
  7. AS 9 Revenue Recognition: This Standard deals with the bases for recognition of revenue in the Statement of Profit and Loss of an enterprise. The Standard is concerned with the recognition of revenue arising in the course of the ordinary activities of the enterprise from: a) Sale of goods; b) Rendering of services; and c) Interest, royalties and dividends.
  8. AS 10 Property, Plant and Equipment: The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment (PPE).
  9. AS 11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates: AS 11 lays down principles of accounting for foreign currency transactions and foreign operations, i.e., which exchange rate to use and how to recognise in the financial statements the financial effect of changes in exchange rates.
  10. AS 12 Government Grants: This Standard deals with accounting for government grants. Government grants are sometimes called by other names such as subsidies, cash incentives, duty drawbacks, etc.
  11. AS 13 Accounting for Investments: This Standard deals with accounting for investments in the financial statements of enterprises and related disclosure requirements.
  12. AS 14 Accounting for Amalgamations: This Standard deals with accounting for amalgamations and the treatment of any resultant goodwill or reserves.
  13. AS 15 Employee Benefits: The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting treatment and disclosure for employee benefits in the books of employer except employee share-based payments. It does not deal with accounting and reporting by employee benefit plans.
  14. AS 16 Borrowing Costs: This Standard should be applied in accounting for borrowing costs. This Standard does not deal with the actual or imputed cost of owners’ equity, including preference share capital not classified as a liability.
  15. AS 17 Segment Reporting: The objective of this Standard is to establish principles for reporting financial information, about the different types of segments/ products and services an enterprise produces and the different geographical areas in which it operates.
  16. AS 18 Related Party Disclosures: This Standard should be applied in reporting related party relationships and transactions between a reporting enterprise and its related parties. The requirements of this Standard apply to the financial statements of each reporting enterprise and also to consolidated financial statements presented by a holding company.
  17. AS 19 Leases: The objective of this Standard is to prescribe, for lessees and lessors, the appropriate accounting policies and disclosures in relation to finance leases and operating leases.
  18. AS 20 Earnings Per Share: AS 20 prescribes principles for the determination and presentation of earnings per share which will improve comparison of performance among different enterprises for the same period and among different accounting periods for the same enterprise.
  19. AS 21 Consolidated Financial Statements: The objective of this Standard is to lay down principles and procedures for preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements. These statements are intended to present financial information about a parent and its subsidiary(ies) as a single economic entity to show the economic resources controlled by the group, obligations of the group and results the group achieves with its resources.
  20. AS 22 Accounting for Taxes on Income: The objective of this Standard is to prescribe accounting treatment of taxes on income since the taxable income may be significantly different from the accounting income due to many reasons, posing problems in matching of taxes against revenue for a period.
  21. AS 23 Accounting for Investments in Associates: This Standard should be applied in accounting for investments in associates in the preparation and presentation of consolidated Financial Statements (CFS) by an investor.
  22. AS 24 Discontinuing Operations: The objective of AS 24 is to establish principles for reporting information about discontinuing operations, thereby enhancing the ability of users of financial statements to make projections of an enterprise’s cash flows, earnings generating capacity, and financial position by segregating information about discontinuing operations from information about continuing operations. AS 24 applies to all discontinuing operations of an enterprise.
  23. AS 25 Interim Financial Reporting: This Standard applies if an entity is required or elects to publish an interim financial report. The objective of AS 25 is to prescribe the minimum content of an interim financial report and to prescribe the principles for recognition and measurement in complete or condensed financial statements for an interim period.
  24. AS 26 Intangible Assets: AS 26 prescribes the accounting treatment for intangible assets (i.e. identifiable non-monetary asset, without physical substance, held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes).
  25. AS 27 Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures: The objective of AS 27 is to set out principles and procedures for accounting for interests in joint ventures and reporting of joint venture assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the financial statements of venturers and investors.
  26. AS 28 Impairment of Assets: The objective of AS 28 is to prescribe the procedures that an enterprise applies to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. The asset is described as impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the amount to be recovered through use or sale of the asset and AS 28 requires the enterprise to recognise an impairment loss in such cases. It should be noted that AS 28 deals with impairment of all assets unless specifically excluded from the scope of the Standard.
  27. AS 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets: The objective of AS 29 is to ensure that appropriate recognition criteria and measurement bases are applied to provisions and contingent liabilities and that sufficient information is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements to enable users to understand their nature, timing and amount. The objective of this Standard is also to lay down appropriate accounting for contingent assets.

MK&HR2 Performance Management

Unit 1 Introduction to Performance Management [Book]
Performance Management VIEW VIEW
Performance Evaluation VIEW
Evolution of Performance Management VIEW
Definitions and Differentiation of Terms Related to Performance Management VIEW
What a Performance Management System Should Do VIEW
**Pre-Requisites of Performance Management VIEW
Importance of Performance Management VIEW
Linkage of Performance Management to Other HR Processes VIEW

 

Unit 2 Process of Performance Management [Book]
Overview of Performance Management Process VIEW VIEW
Performance Management Process VIEW
Performance Management Planning Process VIEW
Mid-cycle Review Process, End-cycle Review Process VIEW
Performance Management Cycle at a Glance VIEW

 

Unit 3 Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Documentation [Book]
The Need for Structure and Documentation VIEW
Manager’s, Employee’s Responsibility in Performance Planning Mechanics and Documentation VIEW
Mechanics of Performance Management Planning and Creation of PM Document: VIEW
Performance Appraisal: Definitions and Dimensions of PA, Limitations VIEW
Purpose of Performance Appraisal and Arguments against Performance Appraisal, Importance of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Characteristics of Performance Appraisal VIEW
Performance Appraisal Process VIEW

 

Unit 4 Performance Appraisal Methods [Book]
Performance Appraisal Methods VIEW
Traditional Methods, Modern Methods, 360 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal 720 models VIEW
Performance Appraisal of Bureaucrats; A New Approach VIEW

 

Unit 5 Issues in Performance Management [Book]
Issues in Performance Management VIEW
Role of Line Managers in Performance Management VIEW
Performance Management and Reward Concepts VIEW
Linking Performance to Pay a Simple System Using Pay Band VIEW
Linking Performance to Total Reward VIEW
Challenges of Linking Performance and Reward VIEW
Facilitation of Performance Management System through Automation VIEW
Ethics in Performance Appraisal VIEW

Income Tax – 1

Unit 1 Introduction to Income Tax [Book]  
Brief history of Indian Income Tax VIEW
Legal Framework:  
Types of taxes VIEW
Cannons of taxation VIEW
Definitions:  
Assessment, Assessment year, Income, Agricultural income, Assesses, Person, Casual income VIEW
Previous year including exception VIEW
Gross total income, Total income VIEW
Scheme of Taxation VIEW
Meaning and Classification of Capital and Revenue VIEW

 

Unit 2 Residential Status [Book]  
Residential status of an Individual’s, Determination of Residential status VIEW
Incidence of tax-problems on computation of Gross total Income VIEW

 

Unit 3 Exempted incomes [Book]  
Introduction, exempted incomes U/S 10. Only in the hands of individuals VIEW

 

Unit 4 Income from Salary [Book]  
Meaning, definitions, Basis of charge, Advance salary, Arrears of salary, encashment of earned leave VIEW
All allowances VIEW
Perquisites VIEW
Profits in lieu of salary VIEW
Provident fund VIEW
Gratuity VIEW VIEW
Commutation of pension VIEW
Deductions from salary U/S 16 VIEW
Problems on computation of Salary income VIEW

 

Unit 5 Income from House property [Book]  
Income from House property VIEW
Basis of charge VIEW
Deemed owners, Composite rent VIEW
Exempted income from house property VIEW
Annual value VIEW
Determination of Annual value, treatment of unrealized rent, loss due to vacancy, deductions from Annual value U/S 24 VIEW
Problems on computation of income from house property VIEW

MK6.5 Retail Management

Unit 1 Retail [Book]  
Retail Management VIEW
Retailing VIEW
Functions of Retailing VIEW
Types of Retailing VIEW
Forms of Retail Business Ownership VIEW
Retail Theories VIEW
Retail Business in India VIEW
Wheel of Retailing, Retail life cycle VIEW VIEW
Influencing Factors Present Indian Retail Scenario VIEW
International Perspective in Retail Business VIEW

 

Unit 2 Consumer Behaviour [Book]  
Consumer Behaviour VIEW
Buying Decision Process and its Implication on Retailing VIEW
Influence of Group on Buying Decisions Process VIEW
Individual Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour VIEW
Customer Shopping Behaviour VIEW
Customer Service VIEW
Customer Satisfaction VIEW
Retail Planning Process VIEW
Factors to Consider in Preparing a Business Plan VIEW
Implementation VIEW
Risk Analysis VIEW

 

Unit 3 Store Location [Book]  
Choice of Store location VIEW
Factors Influencing Location of Store VIEW
Market Area Analysis VIEW
Trade area analysis, Rating Plan method, Site evaluation VIEW
Retail Operations: Stores Layout and Visual Merchandising VIEW
Stores Designing VIEW
Space Planning VIEW
Inventory Management VIEW
Merchandise Management VIEW
Category Management VIEW

 

Unit 4 Retail Marketing Mix [Book]  
Retail Marketing Mix VIEW
Product Decisions Related to Selection of Goods VIEW
Decisions Related to Delivery of Service VIEW
Pricing VIEW
Factors Influencing Pricing VIEW
Approaches to Pricing VIEW
Price Sensitivity VIEW
Value Pricing VIEW
Markdown Pricing VIEW
Place: Retail Store Location VIEW
SCM Principle VIEW
Retail Logistic VIEW
Computerized Replenishment System VIEW
Corporate Replenishment Policies VIEW
Promotion and their Setting Objectives VIEW
Retail Communication Effects VIEW
Promotional Mix VIEW
Human Resource Management in Retailing VIEW
Manpower Planning VIEW
Recruitment and Training VIEW VIEW
Compensation VIEW
Performance Appraisal Methods VIEW

 

Unit 5 [Book]  
Non-Store Retailing (E-Retailing) VIEW
The Impact of Information Technology in Retailing VIEW
Integrated Systems and Networking VIEW
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) VIEW
Bar Coding VIEW
Electronic Article Surveillance VIEW
Electronic Shelf Labels VIEW
Customer Database Management System VIEW
Legal Aspect in Retailing VIEW
Social Issues in Retailing VIEW
Ethical Issues in Retailing VIEW
error: Content is protected !!