Company Secretary Meaning, Roles, Responsibilities and Types

Company Secretary is a senior position in private and public sector organizations, typically responsible for ensuring that the company follows proper corporate governance practices. The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) is the statutory body that regulates and governs the profession of Company Secretaries in India. CS is considered an expert in corporate laws, governance, and regulatory compliance, and their advice is invaluable in legal and financial matters.

As per Section 203 of the Companies Act, 2013, companies falling under specific criteria are required to appoint a whole-time company secretary.

Roles of a Company Secretary:

The role of a Company Secretary is multifaceted, involving advisory, administrative, and compliance functions.

• Corporate Governance

One of the primary roles of a company secretary is to ensure the company adheres to principles of good corporate governance. This includes ensuring transparency in the company’s operations, protecting the interests of stakeholders, and ensuring the board’s decisions are in compliance with applicable regulations.

• Compliance Officer

CS ensures that the company complies with statutory and regulatory requirements such as the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI regulations, and other corporate laws. They are responsible for maintaining accurate records and filing necessary documents with regulatory bodies.

• Advisory Role

Company Secretary provides legal and strategic advice to the board of directors on matters related to corporate laws, mergers and acquisitions, taxation, and financial structuring. They play a crucial role in corporate decision-making by advising on the legal implications of board decisions.

• Liaison Officer

CS acts as a liaison between the company and various stakeholders, such as shareholders, regulatory authorities, and government bodies. They ensure that all communications between these entities are timely, transparent, and accurate.

• Board and General Meetings Management

Company Secretary is responsible for organizing and managing board meetings, annual general meetings (AGMs), and extraordinary general meetings (EGMs). They ensure that proper notices are sent out, and minutes of the meetings are recorded accurately.

• Documentation and Record-Keeping

CS is responsible for maintaining statutory registers, including the register of members, directors, charges, and contracts. They also ensure the safekeeping of company documents, such as the Memorandum of Association (MoA) and Articles of Association (AoA).

• Ensuring Transparency and Disclosure

CS ensures that the company adheres to the necessary disclosure requirements, including the timely publication of financial reports, audits, and shareholder communications.

Responsibilities of a Company Secretary:

The responsibilities of a Company Secretary vary depending on the size and complexity of the company, but key responsibilities:

1. Statutory Compliance

• Ensuring compliance with the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI regulations, and other applicable laws.
• Filing returns, forms, and reports with the Registrar of Companies (RoC), SEBI, and other regulatory authorities within the stipulated deadlines.
• Ensuring proper maintenance of the company’s statutory books and registers, such as the register of directors, register of members, and register of charges.

2. Corporate Governance

• Advising the board on good governance practices and ensuring compliance with corporate governance norms as per the Companies Act and SEBI guidelines.
• Assisting the board in understanding their legal and fiduciary responsibilities, ensuring board procedures are followed and decisions are compliant.

3. Meeting Coordination

• Calling and convening board meetings, annual general meetings (AGMs), and extraordinary general meetings (EGMs).
• Preparing meeting agendas, sending notices, and recording minutes of the meetings.
• Ensuring that resolutions passed by the board are in accordance with legal requirements.

4. Filing and Documentation

• Ensuring timely filing of annual returns, financial statements, and other documents with the RoC and other regulatory authorities.
• Managing the company’s legal documents and ensuring that they are securely stored and updated as per legal requirements.

5. Shareholder Relations

• Acting as a point of contact for shareholders, addressing their grievances, and ensuring that dividends and other payments are made on time.
• Facilitating the transfer and transmission of shares and maintaining the register of members.

6. Advisory Role

• Advising the board on legal issues, mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, and other corporate actions.
• Providing advice on corporate policies, financial strategies, and risk management.

7. Ethical Conduct

• Ensuring that the company adheres to ethical business practices and complies with its own internal rules and regulations.
• Promoting transparency in the company’s operations and ensuring the protection of shareholders’ interests.

Types of Company Secretaries:

Depending on the nature and structure of the organization, Company Secretaries can assume different types of roles:

1. Whole-Time Company Secretary

This is a full-time position, where the individual is employed by the company and works exclusively for that organization. Under the Companies Act, certain companies are required to appoint a whole-time company secretary. Public companies with a paid-up capital of Rs. 10 crores or more are mandated to have a whole-time company secretary.

2. Part-Time Company Secretary

Company may engage a company secretary on a part-time basis, especially if it does not meet the threshold requirement for a whole-time CS. However, this is more common in smaller organizations or private companies where the responsibilities are less demanding.

3. Practicing Company Secretary (PCS)

Company Secretary may practice independently by providing professional services to various clients rather than working for one specific company. A PCS provides services such as corporate compliance, audits, legal advice, secretarial audits, and certification of documents. They also assist in filings, mergers, and the winding up of companies.

4. Company Secretary in Practice (CSP)

These professionals operate as consultants, providing companies with expert guidance on legal matters, governance, and compliance without being full-time employees. Their services are invaluable in corporate structuring, auditing, and advising on regulatory changes.

5. Government Company Secretary

Company Secretaries are also appointed in government-owned companies or Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). They play a vital role in ensuring that such companies adhere to the legal and regulatory framework while maintaining transparency and accountability.

Qualification of a Company Secretary

To qualify as a Company Secretary in India, an individual must:

• Complete the Company Secretary Course offered by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI).
• Pass three stages of the CS examination:
  • CSEET (CS Executive Entrance Test)
  • CS Executive
  • CS Professional
• Undergo mandatory practical training as prescribed by ICSI.
• Hold membership with ICSI, designated as an Associate Member (ACS) or Fellow Member (FCS).

Additionally, a CS should have strong legal, corporate, and managerial knowledge and skills.

Appointment of a Company Secretary

Legal Provisions

• As per the Companies Act, 2013, every company with a paid-up capital of ₹10 crores or more is required to appoint a full-time Company Secretary.
• The board of directors is responsible for the appointment through a resolution.

Procedure for Appointment

1. Board Resolution: The board passes a resolution for the appointment of the Company Secretary.
2. Letter of Appointment: An official letter is issued to the selected candidate.
3. Filing with ROC: The company files Form DIR-12 with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) within 30 days of the appointment.

Position of a Company Secretary

A Company Secretary holds a dual role:

1. As an Employee: A salaried officer bound by the terms of employment.
2. As a Principal Officer: Acting as a key managerial personnel responsible for legal compliance, governance, and advising the board.

The Company Secretary’s responsibilities span various domains, including:

• Maintaining statutory registers and records.
• Advising the board on legal and governance matters.
• Coordinating shareholder meetings and preparing reports.

Liabilities of a Company Secretary

Legal Liabilities

• Non-compliance with statutory duties: Liable for penalties if the company fails to adhere to regulatory requirements.
• Signing False Statements: Held accountable for any false or misleading certifications.
• Fraudulent Activities: Liable for criminal proceedings under the Companies Act or other laws.

Professional Liabilities

• Responsible for maintaining confidentiality and professional integrity.
• Answerable to the board and regulatory authorities for professional misconduct.

Removal or Dismissal of a Company Secretary

Grounds for Removal

• Misconduct: Breach of confidentiality or unethical practices.
• Inefficiency: Failure to perform duties effectively.
• Legal or Regulatory Issues: Violation of corporate laws or rules.
• Mutual Agreement: If the secretary and company agree to terminate the contract.

Procedure for Dismissal

1. Board Decision: A resolution is passed by the board of directors to terminate the Company Secretary.
2. Notice Period: A formal notice period, as specified in the employment contract, is served.
3. Settlement of Dues: Final settlement of salary, benefits, and dues is made.
4. Filing with ROC: The company must inform the ROC by filing Form DIR-12 about the cessation of the Company Secretary’s employment.

Post-Dismissal

• The Company Secretary can seek legal recourse if the dismissal was unjustified or violated the employment agreement.