Promotion: Meaning, Definitions, Features, Objectives, Nature, Basis of Promotion

Promotion refers to the upward movement of an employee within an organization to a position with greater responsibilities, higher status, and better compensation. It serves as a recognition of the employee’s performance, skills, and potential to handle more complex tasks. Promotions are typically linked to improved job satisfaction, motivation, and retention, as they provide employees with a sense of achievement and career advancement. Organizations benefit from promotions by fostering loyalty, enhancing productivity, and ensuring leadership continuity. A well-structured promotion policy supports fair growth and skill development across the workforce.

Edwin B. Flippo, “A promotion involves a change from one job to another that is better in terms of status and responsibilities.”

Scott & Spriegal, “A promotion is the transfer of an employee to a job that pays more money or that enjoys some better status.”

Paul Pigors and Charles Myers, “Promotion is an advancement of an employee to a better job, better in terms of greater responsibilities, more prestige or status, greater skill and specially increased rate of pay or salary”.

Dr. L.D. White, “means an appointment from a given position to a more difficult type of work and greater responsibility accompanied by change of title and usually an increase in pay.” Real promotion means rising to a higher post carrying a higher grade.

Features of Promotion:

  • Advancement in Position

Promotion entails an upward movement in the organizational hierarchy. Employees are moved to higher-level positions, which usually come with increased responsibilities, decision-making authority, and job complexity. This advancement reflects an individual’s growth within the company.

  • Reward for Performance and Merit

Promotion often serves as a reward for consistent and exceptional performance. Organizations promote employees who have demonstrated their capability, loyalty, and commitment. It acknowledges their contributions and encourages others to improve their performance.

  • Increase in Responsibilities

With promotion comes increased responsibilities and accountability. Employees are required to take on more complex tasks, lead teams, and contribute to strategic goals. This expansion of duties helps develop managerial and leadership skills.

  • Higher Compensation and Benefits

Promotions typically result in better financial rewards, including higher salaries, bonuses, and additional benefits. These incentives serve as motivation for employees to strive for career advancement and improve their productivity.

  • Based on Merit, Seniority, or Both

Organizations may base promotions on merit, seniority, or a combination of both. Merit-based promotions focus on an employee’s skills, performance, and achievements, while seniority-based promotions consider the length of service. A balanced approach ensures fairness and transparency.

  • Career Growth Opportunity

Promotion provides employees with opportunities for personal and professional growth. By moving to higher-level positions, employees can enhance their skills, gain diverse experiences, and prepare for future leadership roles.

  • Enhances Employee Morale and Motivation

A well-implemented promotion policy boosts employee morale by recognizing their hard work and dedication. When employees see a clear path for advancement, they remain motivated, engaged, and committed to achieving organizational goals.

  • Alignment with Organizational Goals

Promotion policies are designed to align with the organization’s strategic objectives. By placing competent employees in key roles, organizations ensure efficient decision-making, better leadership, and overall growth.

Objectives of Promotion:

  • To create product and Brand Awareness:

Several sales promotion techniques are highly effective in exposing customers to products and brands for the first time and can serve as key promotional components in the early stages of new product and brand introduction. This awareness is the basis for all other future promotional activities. Promotional activities motivate the customers to try new products and brand and the dealers also to push the new products and brands.

  • To create Interest:

Sales promotions are very effective in creating interest in a product. In fact, creating interest is often considered the most important use of sales promotion. In the retail industry an appealing sales promotion can significantly create customer interest.

  • To provide information:

Promotional activities provide substantial information about the product to the customers. This goes a long way in converting interest into actual sales.

  • To stimulate Demand:

Effective promotional activities can stimulate demand for the product by convincing the customers to buy the products.

  • To reinforce the Brand:

Promotion can be used to reinforce or strengthen the brand in the minds of the customers. This will ensure repeat sales of the product in the long run.

  • To attract new Customers:

Sales promotion measures also play an important role in attracting new customers for an organization. Usually, new customers are those persons that are loyal to other brands. Samples, gifts, prizes, etc. are used to encourage consumers to try a new brand or shift their patronage to new dealers.

  • To induce existing Customers to buy more:

Promotion activities can increase the purchases made by the existing customers by making them consume more quantity or consume on more occasions.

  • To help the firm to remain Competitive:

Companies undertake sales promotion activities in order to remain competitive in the market. Therefore, in the modern competitive world no firm can escape sales promotion activities.

  • To increase sales in off-seasons:

Sales of the products naturally reduce during the off-season. Therefore, promotional activities can be implemented during the off-season to maintain or even increase the sales. Techniques such as off-season discounts, off-season offers can achieve this.

  • To add to the stock of the Dealers:

Dealers like wholesalers and retailers usually deal with a variety of goods. Their selling activity becomes easier when the manufacturer supplements their efforts by sales promotion measures. When a product or service is well supported by sales promotion, dealers are automatically induced to have more of such items.

  • To Keep Existing Customers:

A sales promotion can be geared toward keeping existing customers, especially if a new competitor is likely to enter the market.

  • To clear Inventory:

Promotional techniques can be effectively used to clear unsold inventory by giving effective offers.

Nature of Promotion:

  • Induces Action:

The ultimate goal of all marketing activities is to make a sale. An effective promotional strategy will grab the attention of the would-be consumers, create interest in their minds, provide enough information about the product to help them in taking the purchase decision and finally induce them to take action, i.e. purchase the product.

  • Creates Interest:

It is not enough to get the attention of the customer. The aim of promotion is to make the potential customers interested in knowing more about the product. Customers will be interested only in those products that they actually need, so the promotional messages should emphasise on how the featured product can fulfill their needs.

  • Creates Awareness:

Promotional activities expose an adequate number of target consumers to the messages and create awareness about the product. For this purpose, such promotion media is chosen which will reach adequate numbers of target consumers. Print, electronic, outside or online media can be used as per nature of the product and target audience.

  • Informative:

The target markets need to know about the functions and characteristics of the product so that they can relate their needs with it. Promotion is done to provide the necessary information and details to the prospective buyers of the product. The information given to the customers should also enable them to differentiate the product from those of competitors.

  • Attention Grabbing:

The promotional campaigns draw the potential customer’s attention towards the product. The customers are not aware about the new product and it is only through promotional activities that they can be informed about the product, its features and utility.

Basis of Promotion

1. Merit-Based Promotion

Merit-based promotion focuses on an employee’s performance, skills, and competencies. Employees who consistently exceed expectations, deliver outstanding results, and demonstrate leadership potential are rewarded with promotions. This approach ensures that talented and high-performing individuals rise within the organization, fostering a competitive and efficient work environment.

Advantages

  • Encourages hard work and high performance.
  • Helps retain talented employees.
  • Drives innovation and productivity.

Disadvantages

  • May lead to dissatisfaction among senior employees.
  • Can result in bias or favoritism if not managed properly.

2. Seniority-Based Promotion

In seniority-based promotion, employees are promoted based on their length of service in the organization. This approach values experience and loyalty, ensuring that long-serving employees are rewarded for their dedication.

Advantages

  • Reduces conflicts and competition among employees.
  • Provides a clear and predictable promotion path.
  • Encourages employee retention and long-term commitment.

Disadvantages

  • May lead to the promotion of less competent employees.
  • Can demotivate younger, high-performing employees.

3. Merit-Cum-Seniority Promotion

A balanced approach, merit-cum-seniority promotion considers both an employee’s performance and their tenure. This method ensures that promotions are fair, rewarding both competency and experience. Organizations often use this approach to avoid conflicts and maintain morale while promoting deserving employees.

Advantages

  • Combines the strengths of both merit and seniority-based promotion.
  • Ensures fairness while maintaining efficiency.
  • Balances organizational growth with employee satisfaction.

Disadvantages

  • Requires a robust performance evaluation system.
  • Can be complex to implement consistently.

4. Vacancy-Based Promotion

This type of promotion occurs when a vacancy arises in a higher position, and the best-suited employee is selected to fill it. It may follow merit, seniority, or a combination of both, depending on the organization’s policy. Vacancy-based promotion ensures that only necessary promotions are made, based on organizational needs.

Difference between HRM and IHRM

Management is the efficient operation of a business or organization towards the achievement of its goals and objectives. It involves the management of its financial, capital, and human resources which comprises its financial value.

It has several branches such as: financial, marketing, strategic, production, operations, service, information technology, human resource management, and in the case of organizations that hire expatriates, international human resource management.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a management function that deals with the recruitment, management, and development of employees in order to maximize their potential and roles in the company or organization.

Not only is it utilized in personnel management but also in manpower, organizational, and industrial management.

International Human Resource Management (IHRM), on the other hand, is defined as a management function which deals with the management of personnel who are stationed in other countries or who are citizens of other countries that are hired to work in the organization.

Like HRM, its functions also include recruitment, planning, training, performance appraisal, and compensation. Unlike it, however, IHRM functions involve cross-cultural training such as orienting employees with different cultural, ethical, and religious values.

It also involves global skills management. While HRM is affected only by internal factors, IHRM is affected by both internal and external factors because it involves the management of employees that come from several countries.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a management function that deals with the recruitment, management, and development of employees in order to maximize their potential and roles in the company or organization.

Not only is it utilized in personnel management but also in manpower, organizational, and industrial management. It is previously referred to as personnel management. Its functions include:

  • Job analysis and planning, determining the specific personnel needs of a certain job.
  • Personnel and workforce planning, choosing whether to hire contractors or independent employees.
  • Recruitment and selection, hiring the best candidate for the job.
  • Induction and orientation, making sure that the employees are aware of the organization’s goals and policies.
  • Wage and salary regulation, making sure that employees are properly compensated.
  • Training, development, and performance appraisal in order to enhance employees’ potential and utilize his expertise in the achievement of the organization’s goals.
  • Benefits administration, to make sure that employees get what are due to them.
  • Resolving labor disputes, making sure of good relations between the management and employees.
  • HRM strategies always pursue the achievement of the organization’s goals and objectives. It cooperates with senior management in developing corporate strategies and in the proper management of its personnel.

Human Resources Management Process

Human Resource Management (HRM) process involves a series of interrelated steps designed to maximize the effectiveness of an organization’s human capital. It encompasses the planning, recruitment, development, and retention of employees, all while ensuring that the organizational objectives align with the needs of the workforce. HRM process is dynamic, evolving with changing organizational goals and external environments, ensuring that the workforce remains motivated, competent, and productive.

1. Human Resource Planning (HRP)

The HRM process begins with Human Resource Planning (HRP), which involves forecasting the future human resource needs of the organization. HRP ensures that the right number of employees with the required skills are available to meet organizational goals. The process includes analyzing current manpower, predicting future workforce requirements, and identifying skill gaps. It involves two key activities: workforce forecasting and job analysis. Workforce forecasting predicts the demand and supply of human resources, while job analysis defines the specific roles, responsibilities, and qualifications required for each position.

2. Recruitment and Selection

Once HRP identifies staffing needs, the next step is recruitment and selection. Recruitment is the process of attracting a pool of qualified candidates, while selection involves choosing the best-fit candidates for the organization. HR professionals design job advertisements, screen applicants, conduct interviews, and assess candidates through various methods, including skill tests and background checks. The recruitment and selection process aims to bring in employees who not only possess the necessary skills but also align with the organization’s culture and values.

3. Training and Development

After hiring, the HRM process focuses on training and development. This phase is crucial for enhancing employees’ skills and ensuring they are equipped to perform their roles effectively. Training programs address current job requirements, while development initiatives focus on future career growth and leadership training. HR departments design induction programs for new employees and continuous learning opportunities for existing staff. Development programs help prepare employees for higher responsibilities, ensuring organizational sustainability and growth.

4. Performance Management

Effective performance management is essential for organizational success. This process involves setting performance standards, monitoring employee performance, providing feedback, and taking corrective actions when necessary. HR managers conduct performance appraisals, which are used to evaluate an employee’s contribution to organizational goals. The process includes providing constructive feedback, setting performance goals, and discussing development needs. A good performance management system motivates employees, improves productivity, and aligns individual performance with organizational objectives.

5. Compensation and Benefits

One of the critical components of the HRM process is the development of an appropriate compensation and benefits strategy. This includes designing salary structures, offering performance-based incentives, and providing benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and bonuses. The compensation system must be competitive to attract and retain talent while ensuring internal equity. It should motivate employees to perform at their best and remain committed to the organization.

6. Employee Relations and Engagement

Employee relations involves maintaining positive relationships between management and employees. HR professionals work to resolve conflicts, handle grievances, and ensure fair treatment of employees. Engaging employees through communication, recognition, and involvement in decision-making is critical to fostering a positive work environment. High employee engagement leads to increased job satisfaction, loyalty, and improved performance.

7. Health, Safety, and Welfare

The HRM process also emphasizes health, safety, and welfare programs. HR professionals are responsible for ensuring that the workplace adheres to safety regulations, minimizing risks, and promoting employee well-being. Initiatives such as wellness programs, safety training, and ensuring safe working conditions help reduce workplace accidents and absenteeism, improving overall productivity.

8. Separation

The final phase of the HRM process involves separation—the formal process when an employee leaves the organization. This can happen through resignation, retirement, or termination. HR managers ensure that the separation process is smooth, conducting exit interviews to gather feedback on organizational improvement and ensuring compliance with legal requirements.

Recent Trends in Human Resources Management

Recent trends in Human Resources Management (HRM) reflect the evolving work environment driven by technology, employee expectations, and global competition. Key trends include remote and hybrid work models, where HR focuses on managing virtual teams and maintaining engagement. Employee experience (EX) has become crucial, along with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives to create inclusive workplaces. The use of HR analytics for data-driven decisions, continuous learning and upskilling, and AI-driven automation are transforming HR processes. Additionally, wellness programs, agile HR practices, employer branding, and managing the gig workforce are gaining prominence.

Recent Trends in Human Resources Management:

  • Remote and Hybrid Work Models

The rise of technology has enabled remote work, making flexible work arrangements a key trend. HR departments now focus on managing virtual teams, ensuring productivity, and maintaining employee engagement in hybrid settings. Tools for virtual collaboration and regular check-ins are vital in this approach.

  • Employee Experience (EX)

Beyond traditional engagement, HR is prioritizing the holistic employee experience, including work culture, career growth, and wellbeing. Personalized development plans and wellness initiatives play a significant role in enhancing EX.

  • Use of HR Analytics

Data-driven decision-making is transforming HR functions. HR analytics helps organizations predict employee behavior, measure engagement, and enhance talent acquisition strategies. It provides insights into workforce trends, aiding proactive management.

  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)

Creating diverse and inclusive workplaces is a priority. HR focuses on implementing DEI initiatives through unbiased recruitment, equitable growth opportunities, and fostering an inclusive culture to improve innovation and team dynamics.

  • Continuous Learning and Upskilling

With rapid technological changes, continuous learning is essential. HR emphasizes reskilling and upskilling employees through digital learning platforms, workshops, and mentorship programs to ensure workforce adaptability.

  • Employee Wellness Programs

Organizations are investing in comprehensive wellness programs addressing physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing. Initiatives such as counseling services, fitness challenges, and stress management workshops enhance employee health and productivity.

  • AI and Automation in HR

AI and automation are streamlining HR tasks like recruitment, onboarding, and performance reviews. Automated chatbots, AI-driven candidate screening, and digital onboarding improve efficiency and reduce manual workloads.

  • Agile HR Practices

Adopting agile methodologies in HR promotes flexibility and quick adaptation to changes. This involves iterative processes, cross-functional collaboration, and continuous feedback to enhance employee satisfaction and organizational efficiency.

  • Employer Branding

Strong employer branding helps attract top talent. HR collaborates with marketing teams to create a compelling image of the organization through social media, employee testimonials, and career development stories.

  • Focus on Gig and Freelance Workforce

The gig economy is reshaping workforce management. HR is developing strategies for integrating freelancers and contract workers, ensuring compliance, and fostering a collaborative environment between full-time and gig employees.

Human Resources Manager Duties and Responsibilities

Duties

Hire Resources

This is where the recruitment strategies are put into action. In the current age, there’s a ton of competition vying for the attention of the best talent in the market. The HR manager needs to run all possible engines to go out there in the market and find that one suitable gem.

This part of the role includes things like finding relevant locations to look in, reach out to maximum potential candidates using mass communication mediums, aggregate all responses, filter out irrelevant applications, judge suitable incumbents and coordinate internally to get them interviewed. Once the finalists are decided, the HR manager turns into a ‘negotiator’ of sorts, working as a mediator between the company and the candidate to find that win-win ground.

Attract Talent

Attracting talent starts with first planning the requirement of manpower in the organization. Gauging needs of the organization’s human resource requirements, and accordingly putting a plan of action to fulfill those needs with the placement of “talented professionals”. That’s followed by creating an “employer brand” which will be representative of the organization’s good image and portray an attractive impression in the minds of potential candidates.

Training

Not all is done once you’ve recruited a suitable candidate for the job. Many organizations perform tasks a tad differently. Training employees is important to help the new hires get acquainted with the organization’s work pattern. It is imperative for the HR department to incorporate a training program for every new employee based on the skill set required for their job. It will further also contribute to employee motivation and retention.

For the training to be effective, every new employee can be subjected to an on-the-job training for the initial days to get him in sync with the work guidelines of the organization. This training will not only be of assistance to the employee but also give the HR team an insight into the employee’s workmanship. On completion of the training, HR plays a significant role in assessing the results of the training program and grading employees on the same.

Appraisals

Since HRM is a body meant for the employees, carrying out timely performance appraisals is a given. Performance appraisals help in employee motivation by encouraging them to work to their fullest potential. It also enables to give them feedback on their work and suggest necessary measures for the same. This helps employees to have a clear view of what is expected of them and what they are delivering. They can thus, work better towards improving their performance and achieving targets.

Resolving Conflicts

Where different people have different views, conflicts are almost inevitable. Whether the dispute is amongst two or more employees or between the employee and the management, an HR manager has the right to intervene and help map out a solution.

The HR should be available at the disposal of the conflicting parties and hear out their issues without being judgmental. Prior investigations are a must before passing any judgment. The HR head is not expected to discriminate or play favorites in this matter and always deliver an unbiased and practical decision. A reimbursement in case of any loss caused and strict actions against the defaulter should be practiced for effective conflict resolution by the HRM.

Rewards and Incentives

Rewarding the employees for a work well done imparts motivation and at the same time induces a desire to excel at tasks in hope of obtaining rewards. It serves as bait for inculcating a healthy competitive environment amongst employees to achieve targets and meet deadlines. A reward need not be materialistic always. It could just be a word of appreciation in front of all coworkers for a menial task done with complete honesty.

However, with globalization and evolving trends, compensations like holiday packages, pay incentives, bonuses, and promotions are taking a backseat. If as an HR manager you are wanting to reward your employees efficiently, it’s time you adopt new ways of awarding benefits such as flexible work times, paternity leave, extended holidays, telecommuting, etc. These non-traditional rewards will prove fruitful not only in engaging the existing workforce but also as an added benefit to attract new talent to your organization.

Employee Relations

Human Resources is called so because its major responsibility is dealing with the human part of the organization and this involves having great interpersonal skills. An HR manager who sits in the office all day will not turn out to be good at building connections with the employees and thus fail to serve the purpose of being an HR head. As an HR person, employees should feel comfortable coming up to you with their problems and for that, it is important that the HR team builds a good public image within the organization.

Responsibilities

  • Managing company staff, including coordinating and supporting the recruitment process
  • Onboarding newcomers to the company
  • Determining suitable salaries and remuneration
  • Providing the necessary support systems for payroll requirements
  • Developing adequate induction and training
  • Supporting employee opportunities for professional development
  • Managing succession planning of staff
  • Assisting with the performance management and review process

T-group, Job expectation Technique

A T-group or training group (sometimes also referred to as sensitivity-training group, human relations training group or encounter group) is a form of group training where participants (typically between eight and fifteen people) learn about themselves (and about small group processes in general) through their interaction with each other. They use feedback, problem solving, and role play to gain insights into themselves, others, and groups.

Experimental studies have been undertaken with the aim of determining what effects, if any, participating in a T-group has on the participants. For example, a 1975 article by Nancy E. Adler and Daniel Goleman concluded that “Students who had participated in a T-group showed significantly more change toward their selected goal than those who had not.” Carl Rogers described sensitivity groups as “…the most significant social invention of the century”.

The concept of encounter as “a meeting of two, eye to eye, face to face,” was articulated by J.L. Moreno in Vienna in 1914–15, in his “Einladung zu einer Begegnung” (“Invitation to an Encounter”), maturing into his psychodrama therapy. It was pioneered in the mid-1940s by Moreno’s protege Kurt Lewin and his colleagues as a method of learning about human behavior in what became the National Training Laboratories (also known as the NTL Institute) that was created by the Office of Naval Research and the National Education Association in Bethel, Maine, in 1947. First conceived as a research technique with a goal to change the standards, attitudes and behavior of individuals, the T-group evolved into educational and treatment schemes for non-psychiatric patient people.

A T-group meeting does not have an explicit agenda, structure, or expressed goal. Under the guidance of a facilitator, the participants are encouraged to share emotional reactions (for example, anger, fear, warmth, or envy) that arise in response to their fellow participants’ actions and statements. The emphasis is on sharing emotions, as opposed to judgments or conclusions. In this way, T-group participants can learn how their words and actions trigger emotional responses in the people they communicate with.

There are a number of group types.

Task groups focus on the here and now, involving learning through doing, activity and processing; and involves daily living skills and work skills.

Evaluative groups focus on evaluating the skills, behaviors, needs, and functions of a group and is the first step in a group process.

Topical discussion groups focus on a common topic that can be shared by all the members to encourage involvement.

Developmental groups encourage the members to develop sequentially organized social interaction skills with the other members.

  • Parallel groups are made up of clients doing individual tasks side by side.
  • Project groups emphasize task accomplishment. Some interaction may be built in, such as shared materials and tools and sharing the work.
  • Egocentric cooperative groups require the members to select and implement the task. Tasks are longer term and socialization is required.
  • Cooperative groups require the therapist only as an advisor. Members are encouraged to identify and gratify each other’s social and emotional needs in conjunction with task accomplishment. The task in a cooperative group may be secondary to social aspects.
  • Mature groups involve the therapist as a co-equal member. The group members take on all leadership roles in order to balance task accomplishment with need satisfaction of the members.

Self-help groups are supportive and educational, and focus on personal growth around a single major life disrupting problem (for example, Alcoholics Anonymous).

Support groups focus on helping others in a crisis and continue to do so until the crisis is gone and is usually before the self-help group.

Advocacy groups focus on changing others or changing the system, rather than changing one’s self: “getting one from point A to point B”.

Psychotherapy groups focus on helping individuals in the present that have past conflicts which affect their behavior.

Controversial

This type of training is controversial as the behaviors it encourages are often self-disclosure and openness, which many people believe some organizations ultimately punish. The feedback used in this type of training can be highly personal, hence it must be given by highly trained observers (trainers).[citation needed]. In the NTL-tradition, the T-group is always embedded in a Human Interaction Laboratory, with reflection time and theory sessions. In these sessions, the participants have the opportunity to make sense of what’s happening in the T-group.

Job expectation Technique

Behaviors in the workplace:

  • Display a positive and respectful attitude.
  • Work with honesty and integrity.
  • Represent the organization in a responsible manner.
  • Perform their jobs to a reasonable, acceptable standard.
  • Maintain good attendance.
  • Conduct themselves in a professional manner, even when off duty.
  • Follow set policies and procedures when dealing with problems or issues.

Team member should be accountable for:

  • Respect each other, and be courteous and sensitive to everyone’s needs and concerns.
  • Be accountable for your work.
  • Be flexible about job and task assignments.
  • Be willing to help each other instead of displaying an “it’s not my job” attitude.
  • Ask for help when needed.
  • Work safely together.
  • Be open to constructive feedback without being defensive or negative.
  • Be self-motivated and reliable.
  • Share ideas for improvement.
  • Be cheerful, positive and encouraging to other team members.

Since an employee’s position affects their performance expectations, Wee created this table to illustrate the performance expectations for different job levels:

Position level of employee Performance expectations
Senior-level manager or executive Focus on departmental performances
Manager or supervisory position Focus on unit and functional results of the work team
Professional or technical position Focus on project-related performances
Individual contributor Focus on assigned tasks and contributions to the work team
Major project member or departmental initiator Focus on the major projects/departmental initiatives specifically

To improve the chances of employees meeting or exceeding your expectations, follow these steps when you plan and set them.

  1. Determine what your expectations are.

Before you can have a conversation with your staff members, you need to have a conversation with yourself and write down what your realistic expectations are. For example, you may expect staff members to do the following:

  • Complete projects within the given timeframe.
  • Have a positive attitude.
  • Take initiative on starting new projects and coming up with new ideas that can benefit the company.
  • Come to work on time.
  • Follow the dress code.
  • Remain professional at all times when communicating with clients and other staff members.
  • Follow up with clients within two business days.
  • Respect each other.
  1. Minimize confusion by making expectations clear.

Clear communication from leaders is imperative for success. If staff members don’t fully understand what you expect from them, it’ll be difficult for them to meet your expectations. You can do these things to make them clear:

  • Lay out exactly what your expectations are in paperwork for new hires.
  • Provide existing employees with a digital or print guide as an amendment to your employee handbook or their job responsibilities.
  • Don’t just hand staff members your expectations guide meet with them to discuss what they are.
  • Address any questions employees have about your expectations.
  • Ensure they understand what your expectations are.
  1. Let staff members know why your expectations are important.

When employees understand why expectations are important, it can help them see the bigger picture and feel like their role in the company matters.

  • Don’t just tell staff members what your expectations are – communicate why they are important.
  • Help staff members see how the company as a whole can benefit when they meet or exceed your expectations.
  • Beyond communicating the importance of your expectations, break down the “why” in as much detail as possible to minimize confusion.
  1. Provide examples of why expectations are important.

Offer concrete examples as to why you’ve set certain expectations, and explain to your team how these expectations connect to the big-picture goals of the company.

  • Being on time for work ensures operations run smoothly.
  • Adhering to the dress code casts the company in a professional light among customers.
  • Displaying a positive attitude at work helps employees deal with stress and keeps morale up.
  1. Get an agreement and commitment.

Formalize the expectations by requiring employees to sign off on them. When employees sign off on your expectations, it makes them feel more serious. In the event they don’t meet your expectations, you will have the documentation to hold them accountable and make a case as to how they have fallen short of the agreement.

Individual change: Concept, Need, Importance

Individual change management is an understanding of how one person makes a change successfully. Whether at home, in the community or at work, individuals move through the change process in a predictable and expected path. Individual change management provides a framework for enabling one person to make a transition.

The role of the individual in the overall change process is one such factor that is gaining increasing consideration. As after all, while a new tool can be implemented on schedule and on budget it does not automatically begin generating value for an organisation until it becomes adopted and individuals begin to use it with the required level of proficiency.

With the growing recognition for enterprise change management the need to understand the change management capabilities of the organisation as whole are evident but without a solid understanding of how individuals perceive and succeed in changing there are a number of associated risks.

One of the biggest risks is the idea that the implementation process of enterprise change management is ‘recipe-driven’: a list of actions or requirements that can be simply checked off. As it is important that each and every individual achieves a successful change in behaviour and/or attitudes, focus must be given to the progress of every employee in their transition and this requires continuous measurement. 

Increased communication, although one particular indicator of enterprise change management capabilities, does not ensure an organisation can expect to send X-X-number of emails about a change and not face any resistance; these emails must also contain considerations of the individual and indeed emails may not be an individual’s preferred method of receiving messages. Increasing communications activities in an unplanned, unstructured and intangible way is evidence of an organisation ‘doing’ change management without including a focus of what they were trying to achieve or why.

The next biggest consequence of not giving consideration to individual change management is the increasing difficulty in determining when success has been achieved. Time scales and budget are success factors of project implementation; but determining how successful the people side of the change has been, requires consideration of what is expected from each individual in order to generate the true value of a project; ensuring real acceptance, adoption of new ways of working with measurable proficiency.

Desire to Participate in and Support the Change

  • What are the personal motivators and organizational drivers that would cause me to support the change?

Knowledge on How to Change

  • What knowledge, skills and behaviors are required during and after the change is implemented?

Ability to Implement Required Skills and Behaviors

  • How do I demonstrate the ability to do my job the new way?
  • What barriers may inhibit me making the change?

Reinforcement to Sustain the Change

  • What will make the change stick?
  • What are the rewards, recognition, incentives and consequences?

ADKAR is an individual model, so it describes the change process from the perspective of one impacted employee whose job is being changed as a result of a project or initiative. Whether it is a new process, a new technology, a new job role or a new behavior, a person makes the change successfully when they have awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. If the change impacts 1,000 people, then the change will only happen when all 1,000 people have awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. An individual change management model is crucial for effective change management because of the reality that change must happen one individual at a time. Each impacted employee must move from their own current state to their own future state.

ADKAR is used in a number of ways:

  • Making sense of change
  • Guiding change management plans
  • Measuring progress
  • Diagnosing gaps
  • Developing corrective actions
  • Enabling managers and supervisors

Importance

Ensures a Match Between Requirements and Results

Through change management, you are aware of how to effectively equip and support people who will drive the change and bring it to life. You also have a process to have the right people in place to ensure success.

Increases Probability of Project Success

Research is clear that the better an organization is on change management the more likely project objectives are met. Harvard Business school research shows that initiatives with excellent change management are six times more likely to meet objectives than those with poor change management.

Improves Revenues

Solves problems reduces operation cost, helps seize emerging opportunities, or aligning work with strategy.

Helps in Remaining Profitable and Relevant

By remaining competitive through innovation companies can drive sales for their products. We no longer leave in a world changes occurs after 3 years. Businesses are facing complex and fast changes than ever before. An organization must, therefore, apply change management to enable it to build competencies that grow the organization’s ability to change as soon as they need arises. Only through changes can you remain relevant today. For example, social media has really changed how businesses operate so you have to change and incorporate it into your day to day operations.

Integration and Future of Talent Management

  • Typically, labor accounts for about 65 % of every business in any industry. The percentage is more for labor intensive businesses for example those in manufacturing.
  • The performance difference between talented and lesser talented employees is huge.
  • Employees and how they are managed is the most important source of most organizational competencies and strengths.

Talent management is not only important for hiring people as per the need, it is also important for determining when to hire. In the traditional model of hiring supply meant developing people internally for future. There was an upfront investment in candidates recovered through an enhanced performance over time. This was a good perspective; there were equal chances of making and losing money by investing in your people.

Hiring from outside or temporary employment on the other hand was seen as something that cannot fetch your substantial returns and or act as potential source of knowledge and competitive advantage.

Benefits of Integrated Talent Management

Companies especially growing ones are constantly changing. Change management strategy dovetails nicely with integrated talent management to ensure that talent can respond to change and adapt to it.

Technology in Integrated Talent Management

Technology that enables easy sharing of data across departments and processes is yet another essential component of integrated talent management. In some cases it might be possible to sustain communication without a technology solution, but a technology solution is necessary for scalability as companies grow larger and larger.

Consistency of Terms and Language

Communication is only effective if all parties understand what is being communicated. One essential part of integrated talent management is using a common language or consistent terms to talk about the talent management process. This helps all parties evaluate the process and share data that can lead to improvements.

Benefits of Talent Management Review

Organization Appraiser Appraisee
  • Recognize and manage talent performance.
  • Planning and decision making.
  • Improved staff retention.
  • Framework for sharing feedback.
  • Promote career planning and benefits.
  • Feedback on management style and leadership.
  • Reflection on areas of weakness and strength.
  • Opportunity to raise issues.
  • Focus on developing individual performance.
  • Better understanding of goals and requirement.
  • Identify action plan for future development.

Talent management teams observe the following competencies while undertaking managerial talent and reward score when the requirements are met.

  • Communication: The review team analyzes communication skills among the performers. It also reviews the channels of communication in the organization.
  • Leadership: The team identifies leadership qualities and takes a note of effective and emerging leaders in the organization.
  • Resource Management: The team evaluates the resource management styles of the employees.
  • Teamwork: The team underscores team performance of individual employees.

Global Talent Management

The primary purpose of talent management is to create a motivated workforce who will stay with your company in the long run. The exact way to achieve this will differ from company to company.

A multi-year, collaborative research study set out to examine the steps global companies can take to ensure that they recruit, develop and deploy the right people.  Researchers from institutions including INSEAD, Cornell, and Cambridge University came together and analysed companies that were selected based on superior business performance and reputation.

They found that in addition to adhering to a common set of talent management principles, leading companies follow many of the same talent-related practices. During their study, they asked interviewees why they thought their company’s individual practices were effective and valuable. As a result of their responses, the authors formulated six core principles.

Adopting a set of principles rather than best practices is more effective at challenging current thinking. Moreover, best practices are only ‘best’ in the context for which they were designed; principles, on the other hand, have broad application.

Principles

  • Alignment with strategy: managers should ask themselves, given the company’s strategy, what kind of talent do we need? Strategic flexibility is important, and organizations must be able to adapt to changing business conditions and revamp their talent approach when necessary. Examples of companies that have done so include; GE and Oracle.
  • Internal consistency: implementing practices in isolation may not work and can actually be counter productive. The principle of internal consistency refers to the way the company’s talent management practices fit with each other. Consistency is crucial. The emphasis placed on consistency at companies such as BAE Systems and IBM can help to illustrate why that is paramount.
  • Cultural embeddedness: many successful companies make deliberate efforts to integrate their stated core values and business principles into talent management processes such as hiring methods, leadership development activities, performance management systems, and compensation and benefits programs. IKEA, the Sweden-based furniture retailer, for example, where applicants are selected using tools that focus on values and cultural fit. Another approach to promoting the organization’s core values and behavioural standards can through secondary socialization and training.
  • Management involvement: successful companies know that the talent management process needs to have broad ownership, not just by HR, but by managers at all levels, including the CEO. Senior leaders need to be actively involved in the talent management process and make recruitment, succession planning, leadership development and retention of key employees their top priorities. One of the most potent tools companies can use to develop leaders is to involve line managers. It means getting them to play a key role in the recruitment of talent and then making them accountable for developing the skills and knowledge of their employees. The research cites the example of Unilever to demonstrate how this can be done.
  • Balance of global and local needs: for organizations operating in multiple countries, cultures and institutional environments, managers need to figure out how to respond to local demands while maintaining a coherent HR strategy and management approach. The research found different methods of doing this, giving examples of Matsushita, Rolls Royce, Shell and others. However, among all the companies they studied, there was no single strategy.
  • Employer branding through differentiation: companies should find ways to differentiate themselves from their competitors, in order to attract employees with the right skills and attitudes. The companies studied differed considerably in how they resolve the tension between maintaining a consistent brand identity across business units and regions and responding to local demands. One-way companies are trying to get an edge on competitors in attracting talent is by stressing their corporate social responsibility activities.

The differentiated approach. Although the practice of sorting employees based on their performance and potential has generated criticism, many companies in our study placed heavy emphasis on high-potential employees. Companies favoring this approach focused most of the rewards, incentives and attention on their top talent (“A players”); gave less recog­nition, financial rewards and development attention to the bulk of the other employ­ees (“B players”); and worked aggressively to weed out employees who didn’t meet performance expectations and were deemed to have little potential (“C players”). This approach has been popularized by General Electric’s “vitality curve,” which differentiates between the top 20%, the middle 70% and the bottom 10%. The actual definition of “high potential” tends to vary from company to company, but many factor in the employee’s cultural fit and values. Novartis, the Swiss pharmaceutical company, for example, looks at whether someone displays the key values and behaviors the company wants in its future leaders.

The percentage of employees included in the high-potential group also differs across companies. For example, Unilever, the Anglo-Dutch consumer products company, puts 15% of employees from each management level in its high-potential category each year, expecting that they will move to the next management level within five years. Other companies are more selective. Infosys, a global technology services company headquartered in Bangalore, India, limits the high-potential pool to less than 3% of the total work force in an effort to manage expectations and limit potential frustration, productivity loss and harmful attrition.

The inclusive approach. Some companies prefer a more inclusive approach and attempt to address the needs of employees at all levels of the organi­zation. For example, when asked how Shell defined talent, Shell’s new head of talent management replied, Under an inclusive approach, talent management tactics used for different groups are based on an assessment of how best to leverage the value that each group of employees can bring to the company.

The two philosophies of talent management are not mutually exclusive; many of the companies we studied use a combination of both. Depending on the specific talent pool (such as senior executive, technical expert and early career high-potential), there will usually be different career paths and development strategies. A hybrid approach allows for differentiation, and it skirts the controversial issue of whether some employee groups are intrinsically more valuable than others.

Talent Management initiatives

  • Recognition: Recognising employees’ contribution and their work on individual grounds, boost up self-confidence in them.
  • Remuneration and Reward: Increasing pay and remuneration of the employees as a reward for their better performance.
  • Providing Opportunities: Giving the charge of challenging projects to the employees along with the authority and responsibility of the same, makes them more confident.
  • Role Design: The role of employees in the organisation must be designed to keep them occupied and committed, it must be flexible enough to inculcate and adapt to the employee’s talent and knowledge.
  • Job Rotation: Employees lack enthusiasm if they perform the same kind of work daily. Thus, job rotation or temporary shifting of employees from one job to another within the organisation is essential to keep them engaged and motivated.
  • Training and Development: On the job training, e-learning programmes, work-related tutorials, educational courses, internship, etc. are essential to enhance the competencies, skills and knowledge of the employees.
  • Succession Planning: Internal promotions helps identify and develop an individual who can be the successor to senior positions in the organisation.
  • Flexibility: Providing a flexible work environment to the employees makes them more adaptable to the organisation and brings out their creativity.
  • Relationship Management: Maintaining a positive workplace where employees are free to express their ideas, take part in the decision-making process, encourage employees to achieve goals and are rewarded for better performance leads to employee retention.
  • Self-motivation: Nothing can be effective if the employee is not self-determined and motivated to work.

Talent Management Introduction, Principles, Process

Talent Management is a strategic approach to attracting, developing, retaining, and utilizing the best talent within an organization to achieve its objectives. It involves identifying high-potential individuals, nurturing their skills, and providing opportunities for growth to maximize their contributions.

Key components of talent management include recruitment, onboarding, performance management, learning and development, succession planning, and employee engagement. By aligning talent strategies with organizational goals, businesses can build a competitive edge, foster innovation, and enhance overall productivity.

Effective talent management ensures that employees feel valued and supported, which improves retention rates and cultivates a motivated workforce. It is an ongoing process that adapts to changing organizational needs and market dynamics, making it a critical factor for sustainable growth and long-term success in today’s competitive business environment.

Principles of Talent Management:

  • Alignment with Organizational Goals

Talent Management strategies must align with the organization’s vision, mission, and long-term objectives. This alignment ensures that talent acquisition, development, and retention efforts directly contribute to achieving business outcomes and fostering a culture that supports organizational values.

  • Focus on Talent as a Critical Asset

Employees are the most valuable resource of any organization. Talent Management emphasizes treating employees as critical assets, investing in their skills, and creating opportunities for growth. Recognizing and nurturing talent ensures a workforce capable of meeting current and future challenges.

  • Proactive Recruitment and Retention

Effective Talent Management involves proactive efforts to attract top talent and retain high-performing employees. It includes creating an attractive employer brand, offering competitive compensation, and building a supportive work environment. Proactive retention strategies, such as career development opportunities and regular engagement initiatives, help reduce turnover.

  • Employee Development and Growth

A key principle of Talent Management is fostering continuous learning and professional development. Organizations should provide employees with training programs, mentorship opportunities, and resources to enhance their skills and advance their careers. This not only benefits employees but also strengthens the organization’s overall capabilities.

  • Data-Driven Decision Making

Talent Management relies on data analytics to identify workforce trends, measure performance, and predict future needs. By leveraging tools like performance reviews, employee feedback, and workforce analytics, organizations can make informed decisions about hiring, promotions, and training investments.

  • Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity and inclusion are integral to Talent Management. Organizations should strive to create an inclusive workplace that values diverse perspectives and ensures equal opportunities for all employees. This fosters innovation and broadens the organization’s problem-solving capabilities.

  • Succession Planning

Talent Management emphasizes preparing for future leadership needs through succession planning. By identifying and grooming high-potential employees for critical roles, organizations ensure continuity and reduce the risks associated with leadership transitions.

  • Employee Engagement and Well-Being

Engaged employees are more productive and committed to their organizations. Talent Management involves creating a positive work environment that prioritizes employee well-being, fosters strong relationships, and recognizes contributions.

  • Flexibility and Adaptability

Talent Management must be dynamic and responsive to changing market trends, workforce demographics, and organizational priorities. A flexible approach allows organizations to adapt their strategies to evolving needs and remain competitive.

Process of Talent Management:

Talent Management process is a strategic approach to attracting, developing, and retaining the best talent to meet organizational goals. It encompasses a series of interconnected steps, each contributing to building a skilled and engaged workforce.

1. Workforce Planning

The process begins with understanding the organization’s current and future talent needs. Workforce planning involves analyzing the workforce’s composition, identifying skill gaps, and forecasting future requirements based on business objectives and market trends.

2. Talent Acquisition

This stage involves attracting and recruiting the right talent. It includes crafting job descriptions, sourcing candidates through various channels, conducting interviews, and selecting individuals whose skills and values align with the organization’s needs. Building a strong employer brand is crucial to attracting top talent.

3. Onboarding

Once candidates are hired, a structured onboarding process ensures they are integrated smoothly into the organization. This includes introducing them to company culture, setting clear expectations, and providing the necessary tools and training to perform effectively. A strong onboarding process enhances employee retention and engagement.

4. Performance Management

Performance management focuses on monitoring and evaluating employee performance to ensure alignment with organizational goals. It includes setting clear objectives, providing regular feedback, and conducting periodic performance reviews. Effective performance management helps identify areas for improvement and recognize high performers.

5. Learning and Development

Developing employees’ skills is a core component of Talent Management. Organizations provide training programs, workshops, and mentorship opportunities to enhance technical, leadership, and interpersonal skills. Continuous learning fosters employee growth and prepares them for future challenges.

6. Career Development and Succession Planning

Employees seek career growth, and organizations must support their aspirations. This stage involves creating personalized development plans and identifying high-potential employees for leadership roles. Succession planning ensures continuity and minimizes disruptions during leadership transitions.

7. Employee Engagement and Retention

Employee engagement strategies focus on creating a positive work environment, fostering open communication, and recognizing contributions. Retention efforts include offering competitive benefits, promoting work-life balance, and ensuring job satisfaction.

8. Exit Management

When employees leave the organization, exit management ensures a smooth transition. Conducting exit interviews provides insights into areas for improvement, and maintaining relationships with former employees helps build a strong alumni network.

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