Important Terminologies: Variable, Quantitative Variable, Qualitative Variable, Discrete Variable, Continuous Variable, Dependent Variable, Independent Variable, Frequency, Class Interval, Tally Bar

Important Terminologies:

• Variable:

Variable is any characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or quantified. It can take on different values, which may vary across individuals, objects, or conditions, and is essential in data analysis for observing relationships and patterns.

• Quantitative Variable:

Quantitative variable is a variable that is measured in numerical terms, such as age, weight, or income. It represents quantities and can be used for mathematical operations, making it suitable for statistical analysis.

• Qualitative Variable:

Qualitative variable represents categories or attributes, rather than numerical values. Examples include gender, color, or occupation. These variables are non-numeric and are often used in classification and descriptive analysis.

• Discrete Variable:

Discrete variable is a type of quantitative variable that takes distinct, separate values. These values are countable and cannot take on intermediate values. For example, the number of children in a family is a discrete variable.

• Continuous Variable:

Continuous variable is a quantitative variable that can take an infinite number of values within a given range. These variables can have decimals or fractions. Examples include height, temperature, or time.

• Dependent Variable:

Dependent variable is the outcome or response variable that is being measured in an experiment or study. Its value depends on the changes in one or more independent variables. It is the variable of interest in hypothesis testing.

• Independent Variable:

An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment. It is used to observe its effect on the dependent variable. For example, in a study on plant growth, the amount of water given would be the independent variable.

• Frequency:

Frequency refers to the number of times a particular value or category occurs in a dataset. It is used in statistical analysis to summarize the distribution of data points within various categories or intervals.

• Class Interval:

A class interval is a range of values within which data points fall in grouped data. It is commonly used in frequency distributions to organize data into specific ranges, such as “0-10,” “11-20,” etc.

• Tally Bar:

A tally bar is a method of recording data frequency by using vertical lines. Every group of five tallies (four vertical lines and a fifth diagonal line) represents five occurrences, helping to visually track counts in surveys or experiments.