Leases in the Financial Statements of Lessors Ind AS 17

The following principles should be applied in the financial statements of lessors:

• at commencement of the lease term, the lessor should record a finance lease in the balance sheet as a receivable, at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease [IAS 17.36]
• the lessor should recognise finance income based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment outstanding in respect of the finance lease [IAS 17.39]
• Assets held for operating leases should be presented in the balance sheet of the lessor according to the nature of the asset. [IAS 17.49] Lease income should be recognised over the lease term on a straight-line basis, unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which use benefit is derived from the leased asset is diminished [IAS 17.50]

Incentives for the agreement of a new or renewed operating lease should be recognised by the lessor as a reduction of the rental income over the lease term, irrespective of the incentive’s nature or form, or the timing of payments. [SIC-15]

Manufacturers or dealer lessors should include selling profit or loss in the same period as they would for an outright sale. If artificially low rates of interest are charged, selling profit should be restricted to that which would apply if a commercial rate of interest were charged. [IAS 17.42]

Under the 2003 revisions to IAS 17, initial direct and incremental costs incurred by lessors in negotiating leases must be recognised over the lease term. They may no longer be charged to expense when incurred. This treatment does not apply to manufacturer or dealer lessors where such cost recognition is as an expense when the selling profit is recognised.

Sale and leaseback transactions

For a sale and leaseback transaction that results in a finance lease, any excess of proceeds over the carrying amount is deferred and amortised over the lease term. [IAS 17.59]

For a transaction that results in an operating lease: [IAS 17.61]

• If the transaction is clearly carried out at fair value: The profit or loss should be recognised immediately.
• If the sale price is below fair value; profit or loss should be recognised immediately, except.
• If a loss is compensated for by future rentals at below market price, the loss should be amortised over the period of use.
• If the sale price is above fair value: The excess over fair value should be deferred and amortised over the period of use.
• If the fair value at the time of the transaction is less than the carrying amount a loss equal to the difference should be recognised immediately [IAS 17.63]

Finance Lease:

At commencement of the lease term, the lessor should record a finance lease in the balance sheet as a receivable, at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease.

The lessor should recognise finance income based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment outstanding in respect of the finance lease

Operating Lease:

Assets should be presented in the balance sheet of the lessor according to the nature of the asset.

Lease income should be recognised over the lease term on a straight-line basis, unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which use benefit is derived from the leased asset is diminished.

• Manufacturer or dealer lessor does not recognise any selling profit on entering into an operating lease because it is not the equivalent of a sale.
• Initial direct costs incurred by lessors in negotiating and arranging an operating lease shall be added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.